<p>Zion Lutheran Church is a historic Lutheran church located along Prospect Avenue near downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Formed in the 1840s, the congregation built the present building shortly after 1900, along with an adjacent church school. Both buildings have been named historic sites. The school is no longer open.</p><br>
<p>Since approximately 1860, the stretch of Prospect Avenue where Zion Lutheran was built had been a primarily residential neighborhood. It was one of the citys richer areas, as demonstrated by the grandness of churches such as Zion, First Methodist, Trinity Cathedral, and St. Pauls Episcopal Church on Euclid Avenue. This condition persisted into the mid-1910s, at which point the neighborhood transitioned into a largely commercial area. Beginning after 1930, the neighborhood deteriorated as many buildings were demolished, often to create room for parking lots.</p><br>
<p>In such an environment Zion Lutheran Church was constructed in 1902 and opened for public use in the following year. It is home to a congregation founded by German immigrants in 1843, the oldest extant Lutheran congregation in the city; many other Cleveland-area Lutheran congregations, including Trinity Lutheran Church, are Zion&#39;s daughters. The original church building was located downtown, but the east-side German community was strong enough by 1902 that the congregation deemed Prospect Avenue a better location for serving the community. From its earliest years, the congregation had sponsored a school; Zion Lutheran School was founded in 1848, at which time all scholars were instructed in German. The school moved to Prospect Avenue ahead of the church; the present building was completed in 1903, two years after the completion of the auditorium and the opening of classes therein. William Dunn was the architect for the school, while the architect for the church was Frank Walker of Walker and Weeks.</p><br>
<p>Both the school and the church are brick buildings with stone foundations and additional elements of stone. The church is in the Gothic Revival style of architecture, while the school building mixes elements of the Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles. The school is no longer used as such, with classes having ceased in 1974. In 1984, Zion Lutheran Church and School were each listed on the National Register of Historic Places, both qualifying because of their historically significant architecture and because of their role in local history. The two were part of a multiple property submission of buildings along Prospect Avenue, along with nearby buildings such as First Methodist Church, the Phillip Gaensslen House, and the Dr. William Gifford House. They have also been given city historic-landmark designation, and their location at Prospect and E. 30th is located within the city-designated Prospect Avenue Historic District. The congregation was founded as part of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, within which it has remained.</p><br>
<p>The First Universalist Church of Olmsted is a historic Unitarian Universalist church in the city of North Olmsted, Ohio, United States. The second-oldest church building in Cuyahoga County, it has been a community landmark since the middle of the nineteenth century, and it was officially named a historic site in the late twentieth.</p><br>
<p>North Olmsteds Universalists erected their church building in 1847, employing a Greek Revival design under the direction of John Ames. The building is a simple rectangle of frame; covered with weatherboarding, the walls rise to a gable with a bell tower atop the roofline at the front of the building. Four rectangular windows pierce the sides, while one such window sits on either side of the front, framing the main entrance. Above the entrance is a short ogive window, while the entirety of the gable is constructed as a pediment. The pediment is the buildings most decorative portion, due to components such as it detailed fanlight. The church&#39;s current bell is more than 150 years old, having been installed in 1851. Overall, the building is a simple version of the Greek Revival style, although some Victorian details were added later, and the church has been moved from its original site.</p><br>
<p>Members of the congregation have long been known for their liberal religious views; they appointed their first female preacher, Abbie Danforth, in 1878. Conversely, their architectural views are highly conservative; St. Johns Episcopal Church, erected in 1838, is the countys only extant religious building that predates the North Olmsted Universalist Church. This lack of change was significant to the building&#39;s designation as a historic site. In November 1980, the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its place in local history, even though neither churches nor moved buildings are generally considered eligible for addition to the Register. It is one of nine sites in and around North Olmstead and Olmsted Falls, along with John and Maria Adams House, Fort Hill, the Grand Pacific Hotel, the Samuel Lay House, the North Olmsted Town Hall, the Julia Carter Northrop House, the Olmsted Falls Depot, and the Olmsted Falls Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Independence Presbyterian Church is a historic church in the city of Independence, Ohio, United states. Constructed in the 1850s, the stone church building was originally home to a congregation heavily dependent on the local mining economy, but since the 1920s it has again been associated with an active congregation. It was named a historic site in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Independence Presbyterian is largely a stone building; both the foundation and the walls are stone, and the roof is slate. The structure is that of a gabled rectangle with a square tower at the front, in which is placed the main entrance. The top of the tower includes a belfry with louvering. The overall design is simple with comparatively little ornamentation, although a significant counterexample is the building&#39;s back wall, in which was placed a prominent petroglyph known as the Independence Slab.</p><br>
<p>Local Presbyterians were organized into a congregation in 1837, but nearly two decades passed before the building was built; it was constructed in 1855 according to a design produced by Jacob Merkle. The local economy at the time was heavily dependent on nearby stone quarries, and the congregation was no different: when the quarries closed in 1905, the congregation was also disorganized. After twenty years of vacancy, the building became home to another Presbyterian congregation in 1925. Growth forced the building&#39;s replacement in the 1960s, and a new structure was finished on an adjacent property in 1963. Since that time, the old building has generally been used only for special events. The congregation remains an active part of the Western Reserve Presbytery of the Presbyterian Church (USA).</p><br>
<p>In 1977, the old church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It is one of five National Register-listed locations in Independence, along with the Fuller-Bramley House, the Packard-Doubler House, the South Park Site, and the William Tricker Inc. Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The river Sense  is a right tributary of the river Saane in Switzerland. It is a border river between the Cantons of Fribourg and Bern. Its source rivers, the Kalte Sense, coming from Mount Gantrisch, and Warme Sense, flowing out of lake Schwarzsee, join at Zollhaus and thus form the origin of the Sense.</p><br>
<p>The Sense flows through a gorge of 15 km length, which is popular for whitewater sports, but also for swimming and bathing – especially among nudists. Its main tributary is the river Schwarzwasser.</p><br>
<p>After about 35 km, the Sense joins the Saane river at Laupen, Bern. Because the Sense&#39;s water level can rise rapidly during hefty rainstorms, it is dangerous to stay near the river bed in uncertain weather conditions.</p><br>
<p>The Anthony Yelverton House is a historic house located at 39 Maple Avenue Highland, Ulster County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a -story, three-bay wide frame structure built about 1754. It is built into the hillside. It features a two-story porch spanning the full width of the building. It is the only surviving structure from "Yelverton&#39;s Landing", and once served as a tavern, storehouse, and private residence.</p><br>
<p>Anthony Yelverton was a Poughkeepsie businessman. From this building and adjacent sawmill, Yelverton developed the area called both Yelverton’s Landing and New Paltz Landing because a road connected it to New Paltz, further west. It became both a community in its own right and a Hudson River "port" for commerce from the New Paltz area.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 22, 1983.</p><br>
<p>Miller&#39;s House at Red Mills Farm or "Bruyn House" is a historic home located at Shawangunk in Ulster County, New York. It is on the east side of the Shawangunk Kill at the Ulster/Orange Counties line. Wallkill Avenue is north of the building with the Shawangunk Kill east of it.</p><br>
<p>The one half story frame house with a partially exposed cellar and interior end chimneys was constructed c.1835 on a site overlooking the Shawangunk Kill. The northwest facade of the five-bay center hall structure has 6/6 sashes with plain window heads and sills. The center entry, framed by pilasters which support a full entablature, has three-paned sidelights.</p><br>
<p>The Miller&#39;s House at Red Mills is significant as a distinctive example of Greek Revival style architecture. It is also significant as a surviving component of an industrial complex originating in the eighteenth century. The architectural integrity of the house is embodied in its form, original materials, unique iron grill work, elaborate interior woodwork and door moldings.</p><br>
<p>The house at Red Mills known as Red Mills Farm was built c.1835 by Roe and Arminda Coleman on this site overlooking the Shawangunk Kill. The early mill site included a sawmill and gristmill which were in proximity to the millers house (only the millers house survives). The location allowed the miller a view of mill operations, and the height of the water in the mill could also be monitored. The sawmill and gristmill were destroyed by fire in the mid-twentieth century, leaving only remnants of a dam and mill race channel, and the existing miller&#39;s house. (The mill site is located on a separate parcel.)</p><br>
<p>The site was originally owned by the patentee, Abraham Jansen. Roe Coleman purchased the land in 1835 and began construction of the mill buildings and the house. (A date stone set in the garden wall which surrounds the house reads, Erected by M. Webb / July 4, 1839. This may refer to the date the wall was constructed since it does not relate to the house or it may have come from one of the other mill buildings. No documentation has been found to link M. Webb with the site, however.)</p><br>
<p>The site is known as Red Mills and this name has been attributed to the color of the mill buildings. It has also been called Green Mills, presumably after a subsequent owner, Russell G. Green.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property is a contributing well.</p><br>
<p>The property is currently owned by Colan and Cristy Lee McGeehan.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Dundas House is located at 36 St Andrew Square, Edinburgh, Scotland. It is the Registered Office of the Royal Bank of Scotland. It is protected as a category A listed building.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The site was owned by Sir Lawrence Dundas of Kerse in the mid 18th century. When the town council made plans for a New Town drawn up by James Craig in 1775, the site of Dundas House was shown as a proposed church, St. Andrews (hence St. Andrews Square), acting as a counterpart to St. George&#39;s Church on what became Charlotte Square (originally to be called George Square but another scheme took that name first). The two were separated by the New Town itself laid out on a formal grid centred on George Street, along which the two churches were to face each other.</p><br>
<p>Lord Dundas saw the layout and decided the church site would make a good site for a prestigious mansion, and retained the feu within the overall plan. Works began in 1772, prior to the councils formal adoption of the New Town plan, which then required minor adaption to accommodate this change. The proposed St Andrews Church was subsequently built at a less prominent site at 13 George Street.</p><br>
<p>The house was built of robust pale grey sandstone from Ravelston Quarry around three miles to the west. It was designed by Sir William Chambers, a prominent architect of the day. It was completed in 1774. It was modelled on Marble Hill House in Twickenham.</p><br>
<p>In 1780 Hugo Arnot described the building as "incomparably the handsomest townhouse we ever saw".</p><br>
<h2>Commercial use</h2><br>
<p>Lord Dundas died in 1781 and his son inherited the house. Having no great desire to live here (then the site was in the midst of a huge building site as the New Town construction began) he sold the house to the government and it then became a Customs House. At this stage it gained the royal coat of arms in its pediment. Most of the original interior was lost in this conversion. One front room at first floor on the north side remains intact.</p><br>
<p>Dundas House was acquired by the Royal Bank of Scotland in 1825. The interior was radically altered over the next 3 years, including the building of the notable domed banking hall with star-shaped windows in the ceiling, which was added by the architect John Dick Peddie in 1857.</p><br>
<p>In 1972 the 19th century banking screens and counters were removed and replaced by white marble counters.</p><br>
<h2>The dome</h2><br>
<p>The magnificent banking hall is covered by a dome, pierced by stars in diminishing sizes towards its centre. The pattern is used as part of the design on the Royal Bank of Scotland&#39;s £5 note.</p><br>
<p>The Bayne–Fowle House is a historic house located at 811 Prince Street in Alexandria, Virginia, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 6, 1986. The Bayne–Fowle House is a masonry townhouse built in 1854 for William Bayne, an Alexandria-based commission merchant. It is noted for its fine mid-Victorian interiors and elaborate plasterwork. During the American Civil War the house was occupied by Northern troops and subsequently confiscated by the Federal government and converted briefly into a military hospital. Since 1871 it has been a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>Background and history</h2><br>
<p>William Bayne, a commission merchant and grocer in Alexandria, purchased the lot at 811 Prince Street in 1849. A house was constructed in 1854 but was sold to William H. Fowle, another commission merchant and the son of a Massachusetts businessman in 1855. The house served as his residence until the outbreak of the American Civil War, when he took refuge in Richmond.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The Bayne–Fowle House is a three-story masonry town house in the Italianate design, located in a finely preserved block of the Old Town of Alexandria. It is surrounded by houses which date to the late 18th century. The house is made of brick with a painted ashlar sandstone facade, with elongated windows, a low-pitched gable roof, and an ornamental cornice. A side conservatory and small garden are found on the eastern side (the right hand side, as seen from the street). Separating the double parlors is a pendant arcade adorned with cast-iron bosses.</p><br>
<p>The facade consists of three regular bays, with the primary entrance located on the western bay, reached by seven sandstone steps with matching cast-iron balustrades and newels. To the right of the entrance on the first floor are two floor-length windows with stone balconies and iron railings. The current exterior wooden window shutters were only added around 1975. The second and third floors of the facade each have three symmetrical windows with segmental arched lintels with a projecting cornice crowning the facade, supported by console brackets. The north elevation of the house to the rear is three bays wide, and features a small two-story masonry and frame addition on its west side. There is a frame connection to the brick garage building, erected in 1922. A brick wall was built around 1965, to border the garden to the east of the house.</p><br>
<p>The side garden contains Japanese maple trees and a row of European hornbeam trees. Evergreens line the lawn.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The interior is furnished with luxurious materials such as marble and gilded mirrors. The primary entrance to the house leads to a small vestibule with a second set of paired doors, opening into the first-floor stair hall. The hall has original random width heart pine floor boards and plaster walls and ceiling and wooden baseboards and is adorned by plaster cornice ornaments the hall. An open-stringer staircase with elliptical handrails is located in the hallway, leading to the second floor; a passageway concealed behind it (as one enters the house) leads to the basement. At the rear of the hall is a small bathroom and an elevator, installed around 1965.</p><br>
<p>Three sets of paired doors lead from the hall into the twin parlors and the dining room. The parlors are square in shape, and are separated by a suspended overhead pendant arcade. Eastlake-type iron gasoliers with two tiers of globes are suspended from the ceiling; these date from 1867 but have since been electrified. The floors are pine; the walls are plastered. The pendant arcade consists of two semi-circular arches and a central semi-elliptical arch, supported with cast-iron console brackets and pendant bosses. The original silver-plate doorknobs of the parlors were replaced in around 1960 with brass hardware. Pocket doors lead from the northern parlor to the dining room at the north end of the building. The mantelpiece in the dining room is made from marbelized slate and has an original pier mirror, located between the two windows on the dining room&#39;s north wall. Paired doors with glass panels lead to the polygonal room in the eastern wing which was once used as a library. The conservatory features original scalloped wooden shelves below the arched windows. The kitchen contains modern appliances.</p><br>
<p>The second floor of the Bayne–Fowle House has a similar layout to that of the first, with three bedrooms and a bathroom to the south end of the hall and a laundry and bathroom at the north end. All bedrooms have wood flooring, plaster walls and plaster ceilings and fireplaces, two of which have marble mantelpieces with the third being metal and stone.</p><br>
<p>The third floor contains three bedrooms, on the same plan as the second floor; all have diminutive marble mantelpieces. A small room at the north end of the hall serves as a kitchenette with the bathroom at the south end of the hallway. The attic is largely finished. A small unfinished room in the attic has penciled graffiti on the plastered wall believed to date back to the Civil War period. The basement, which is also largely finished space has feature bare brick walls. It also contains a bathroom and storage areas.</p><br>
<p>The Lloyd House is a historic building and library located at 220 North Washington Street in the Old Town of Alexandria, Virginia, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 12, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by John Wise, a prominent entrepreneur, who constructed the building in the late eighteenth-century Georgian architectural style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Lloyd House was built in 1796&ndash;97 by John Wise. It was a high status building and President George Washington was a guest there on one occasion. In 1810, Wise sold the house to Jacob Hoffman, who would later become Mayor of Alexandria. In 1824, Hoffman sold the home to James Hooe for $13,000. After his death in 1826, his widow rented out the house to an educator, Benjamin Hallowell, who used the building as a schoolhouse. When Hooes widow died in 1831, it was sold to John Lloyd. John Lloyds wife was the cousin of Robert E. Lee, who had been a student at the school. The Lloyd family owned the property for over 100 years until the 1930s. During the 1940s and 1950s, it fell into ruin, and in 1956 proposals were made to gut the building; there were opposed by the Historic Alexandria Foundation. A businessman from Wyoming, Robert V. New, bought the house, saving it from being destroyed, and financed its major renovation. Fully restored, in 1968 Lloyd House was sold to the City of Alexandria.</p><br>
<p>Lloyd House currently serves as the administrative headquarters for the Office of Historic Alexandria, a department of the City of Alexandria government. The department is dedicated to the collection and preservation of historic sites, and since 1976 the building has also housed important historical and genealogical collections which are part of the Alexandria Library. Shelving space was tripled at Lloyd House in order to store the collection which has over 4,000 books.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Lloyd House is characteristic of the early post-colonial style in Virginia and is a fine example of Federal domestic architecture. It is a two-story rectangular brick building with a five-bay front on the Washington street side, four chimneys, and a gabled roof with three dormers. The central entrance is solid wood and is flanked by two Doric pilasters. When the house was renovated in the early 1960s, the original 18th-century Flemish bond masonry on the exterior was damaged and repainted with Portland cement and the original interior pine boards were covered with painted hardwood flooring.</p><br>
<h2>Archives</h2><br>
<p>Lloyd House has a complete collection of the Virginia census from 1790 to 1920 and related material and information on Virginia&#39;s county and city histories and genealogies. It also has African-American research materials such as the published Fairfax County and Alexandria Free Negro Registers, published records on births, obituaries, cemeteries, wills, deeds and marriage indexes, unpublished Alexandria church records, tax records, microfilm and a collection of over 9,000 Alexandria photographs and maps. Rooms of the house can also be rented for wedding receptions, conferences etc.</p><br>
<p>The Garfield County Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located in Enid, Oklahoma. It is on the National Register of Historic Places both individually and as a part of the Enid Downtown Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Previous Courthouses (1896 - 1936)</h3><br>
<p>Enids first courthouse opened on April 1, 1896. It consisted of a two story brick building, which the County soon outgrew. Enids second courthouse was built by O.A. Campbell of Oklahoma City in 1907 from Oklahoma granite and Indiana stone. The building was located in the center of Broadway, surrounded by sidewalks, and fully landscaped. Its south side was located where the front of the Enid Post Office is now. (Enid’s post office used to be where the public library is located now, and Enid&#39;s public library was a Carnegie building located at 402 North Independence.) On January 29, 1931, a fire broke out in the jail and spread to the roof, then quickly spread to the rest of the building. All prisoners were safely evacuated, and county records were rescued. From 1931 to 1936, the County operated out of an agricultural building, and later the Broadway Tower.</p><br>
<h2>Modern Courthouse</h2><br>
<p>The current Art Deco style Courthouse was built by Hawk & Parr and Reinhart & Donovan companies beginning on August 15, 1934 and was completed in 1936. The jail was refurbished in the 1960s. Garfield County Courthouse consists of county offices and courtrooms housed in the basement and first three floors, and Garfield County Jail occupies the top two floors. Funded by the Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project, artist Ruth Augur painted historical murals on the courthouse walls. In 1996, Enid artists Paladine Roye and his brother, Burgess Roye, also painted murals relating to Native American history.</p><br>
<p>Petersburg Union Station is an unused train station in Petersburg, Virginia. It was originally built in 1909–1910 for the Norfolk and Western Railway, replacing an earlier structure damaged by a flood. The station remained in use until the formation of Amtrak in 1971, when passenger service on the Norfolk and Western&#39;s tracks ended. It saw a brief revival in 1975–1977, when Amtrak operated the Mountaineer between Norfolk and Cincinnati, Ohio. The Hilltopper, which replaced the Mountaineer and ran until 1979, used a station located slightly to the west at Fleet Street instead.</p><br>
<p>The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad also used Union Station for a time; the ACLs line curved off to the northeast while the Norfolk and Westerns ran east–west. The Atlantic Coast Line used a new station from 1955 on.</p><br>
<p>The Seaboard Air Line Railroad, the third railroad to serve Petersburg, had two stations (Market Street and Dunlop Street) near downtown. Union Station is located along the northeastern edge of the Petersburg Old Town Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Ohio Military Institute was a higher education institution located in Cincinnati, Ohio. Founded in 1890, it closed in 1958.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ohio Military Institute was established in 1890, on the foundation then known as Belmont College, and in the earlier days, as Farmers College. The history of the college goes back almost to the beginnings of education in the West. Farmers College was one of the first institutions of higher culture established beyond the mountains. It had a long and useful career. The roster contains the names of President Benjamin Harrison; Murat Halstead, the great editor; and Bishop John M. Walden, of the Methodist Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>Farmers College was begun perhaps a generation too soon for permanent success. The community had not yet accepted the concept that inspired the enterprise. To quote the language of a very old letter used in early materials, "The distinctive feature of Farmers College is the practical character of its course of instruction *** to qualify our youth for a higher position in any of the industrial pursuits." The idea expressed is today the most powerful force directing the trend of thought in education.</p><br>
<p>The history of Belmont College covers a period of transition, during which the older institution was returning gradually toward its source for the training of boys. The real progenitor of the Ohio Military Institute was Cary Academy, established in his own home on College Hill by Freeman Cary, in the year 1832.</p><br>
<p>The Cary family were pioneers in this part of Ohio. The father came from New England to Cincinnati as early as 1802. A few years later he purchased a large farm on the present site of College Hill. There his two sons, Freeman G., the elder, and Samuel F., grew to manhood. Sisters Alice and Phoebe Cary, the well-known poete, lived nearby, in what is now North College Hill. Both the Cary boys were graduated from Miami University at Oxford, then in its infancy. Freeman&#39;s ambition was to become an educator, and upon his graduation, he opened an academy for boys at his home. The old house still stands, a well-known landmark of the village.</p><br>
<p>Carys Academy, when opened, received four pupils, but before the year closed the eager young scholar was teaching more than a score of boys. Mr. Cary was encouraged to build, on a plot of ground just in front of the present location of the school, a small brick school building. Shortly afterward he constructed a handsome addition. Meanwhile, the school increased readily in numbers, until during the last year of the old Academy, more than 120 students were in attendance. In the twelve years during which Mr. Cary conducted his school, some 1,200 boys from all parts of the West and the South came under his instruction. His Academy was, at that time, the leading private school west of the Allegheny Mountains. He was assisted in the work by an efficient corps of instructors, several of whom were very able men, who afterward became eminent educators. Probably most loved because of his personality, and the most revered and respected because of his work, was Dr. Robert H. Bishop. He came from Miami University to Cary Academy during its last year, He remained to fill the chair of Philosophy and History in the faculty of Farmers College, Shortly before his death, in 1855, he requested that his body and that of his wife might find a last resting place on the College grounds. The letter begging this simple boon is one of the most precious archives of the College.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, part of Carys original school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the name "Freeman Grant Cary Pleasant Hill Academy". Embracing his house and one other building, the designation was granted both because of the buildings architecture and because of their connection to Cary, who was deemed a significant figure in local history.</p><br>
<p>Pease Auditorium is a music venue on the campus of Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Built in 1914, Pease auditorium is the 4th oldest standing building on Eastern Michigan Universitys campus. The auditorium was constructed in 1914 for $243,963. For the time, that was a considerable amount of money. Today Pease is home to the universitys music performances and as well as some performing arts productions. With a seating capacity of 1,700, Pease is a prime spot for many events held by the community.</p><br>
<h2>History of Pease Auditorium</h2><br>
<p>Originally named Pierce auditorium, the name was changed a year later to the Frederic H. Pease Auditorium. Frederic H. Pease was the professor of music from 1858–1909 and Head of Conservatory at Michigan State Normal School (former name for Eastern Michigan University). He was described as being, "very eager to help students develop their full potential for music". When Pease opened for the fall semester of 1914, it was considered to be one of the most modern and prestigious auditoriums of its time. The grand neoclassical façade and classical details of the interior made the acoustics top of the line, and attracted many performers from across the country. Later in 1957, there was a large organ installed on the back of the stage. Then in 1959 new seats and a new stage floor was added. In 1993-1994 president William E. Shelton spent 2.2 million dollars on renovations to electrical, plumbing and structural upgrades, as well as adding new seats and putting in a lighting system for performing arts performances. Then a celebrity "green room" was added in the back of the auditorium to accommodate the many celebrities that perform there.</p><br>
<p>Pease Auditorium has long been used by the Eastern Michigan University music department which today is housed under the Eastern Michigan University College of Arts and Sciences.</p><br>
<h2>Contributors to upgrading Pease</h2><br>
<p>Charles McKenny- President of Michigan State Normal School during the building of Pease auditorium. Raised funds and oversaw the successful building of Pease Auditorium.</p><br>
<p>John D. Pierce- Head of the music department from 1859 to 1909. Pease Auditorium was originally named Pierce auditorium before betting dedicated in 1915.</p><br>
<p>Frederic H. Pease- Professor of music from 1858 to 1909. He was a favorite among his students and the auditorium was dedicated in his name on October 11, 1915.</p><br>
<p>Frederick Alexander-A music professor in the early 1900s at Michigan State Normal school. Early in the construction of the auditorium he had visions of an organ being installed on the back part of the stage. Because of funding issues the organ was never installed in the original construction of the auditorium. In his will Alexander left 80,000 dollars to the university to build the organ. Then in 1957 the organ was finally installed at a cost of 91,000 making it the most expensive organ in Michigan at the time.</p><br>
<p>Erich Goldschmidt- Professor of organ from 1955-1978 at Eastern Michigan University. Goldschmidt designed and tuned the massive organ installed in 1957.</p><br>
<p>William E. Shelton- President during the massive renovations that lasted from 1993 until late 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Bank Lofts is a building in Denver, Colorado. Constructed in 1921, the building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally the US National/Guaranty Bank Building, the Bank Lofts (also known as the United States National Bank Building, US National Bank Building, Guaranty Bank Building) were designed by Arthur Addison Fisher and William Ellsworth Fisher (Fisher & Fisher) and built in 1921. The Fishers also designed other notable Denver landmarks, such as the Denver City Tramway Building at 1100 14th Street and the A. C. Foster Building at 912 16th Street. Located at 817 17th street, the Bank Lofts are a reserved architectural example of the Chicago Commercial style. The 10-story (40.23 meters high) building’s façade is covered in smooth ashlar limestone and features an ornamental bronze storefront. In the 1980s, the building sat vacant and was almost demolished, but on March 25, 1994 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the Historic Resources of Downtown Denver Multiple Property Submission (building number: 5DV.5300), and was subsequently renovated in 1995. The renovation costs exceeded $10.9 million, and were financed via historic rehabilitation and low-income housing tax credits and a grant from the Colorado Historical Society, along with TIF assistance from DURA. The building was reconfigured into renter-occupied apartment lofts in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Today, The Bank Lofts reside in Denver’s historic district, located in the heart of downtown Denver next to LoDo and the 16th Street Mall. It is surrounded by other historic landmark buildings, such as the Boston Building (which has been converted to the Boston Lofts), the American National Bank Building, and the Denver National Bank Building. It currently houses 117 residential apartment lofts, which feature original artistic details and historic characteristics (i.e., crown molding, vaulted ceilings, etc.…). The property is owned and managed by – also known as Aimco (stock ticker AIV).</p><br>
<h2>Tenants</h2><br>
<p>The Pennsylvania Hotel, now known as Chestnut Hall, was designed by Clarence E. Wunder, and built in 1922. Wunder is also responsible for designing Daffy’s  and the Neuweiler Brewery . The 10-story building’s architectural style is Renaissance revival. The building consists of a steel structure, a cement and brick facade, and an entablature with accompanying cornice along the top. Once built, the building served as the Hotel Pennsylvania. In the 1940s it became known as the Hotel Philadelphia. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, it was known as the Penn Sherwood Hotel. The University of Pennsylvania obtained the building for student housing, but in June 2006 Apartment Investment and Management Company  bought a majority stake of the property.</p><br>
<h2>Chestnut Hall Apartments</h2><br>
<p>Today, Chestnut Hall is located in University City in the heart of Philadelphia – next to the Wharton School of Business and the Institute of Contemporary Art. Nearly 90% of Chestnut Hall’s 315 apartment homes are occupied by students (who attend the nearby Drexel University or University of Pennsylvania). Young professionals and school administrators occupy the remaining 10%.</p><br>
<h2>Tenants</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the residential apartment homes at Chestnut Hall, there are also five commercial spaces, totaling 38,385 ft&sup2; of retail space - three of which are currently occupied by the, the, and.</p><br>
<p>Raggedstone Hill is situated on the range of Malvern Hills that runs approximately 13 km north-south along the Herefordshire-Worcestershire border. Raggedstone Hill lies close to the borders of Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire. It has an elevation of 254 m.</p><br>
<p>The northern flank of the hill lies on the southern side of the Hollybush pass, from where its summit is a brisk 15–20 minutes steep walk from the nearby Hollybush car park.</p><br>
<p>According to legend, the hill&#39;s shadow casts misfortune upon whomever it falls.</p><br>
<h2>Raggedstone Hill in cultural life</h2><br>
<h3>Literature</h3><br>
<p>The Shadow of the Ragged Stone Hill is a 19th-century novel by Charles F. Grindrod concerning a monk of Little Malvern Priory. He has been made a monk against his will, and his main object in life is to avenge his father&#39;s murder of his mother, a deed incited by false accusations made against his mother by a "wicked knight". The monk disguises himself in borrowed armour, attends a tournament and there kills the knight. Later, he breaks his vow of chastity by marrying a woman who he has rescued from the advances of a "lascivious knight", and is then falsely accused of killing her father in a duel. He is condemned to crawl to the summit of Ragged Stone Hill once a day as punishment. When the monk can no longer bear the punishment he curses the hill and anyone on whom the shadow of the hill should fall.</p><br>
<p>The Ragged Stone is a poem by Wilfrid Wilson Gibson, a founder of the Dymock Poets.</p><br>
<h3>Music</h3><br>
<p>Raggedstone Hill is the name of a song by the band Dodgy, written and recorded in the Malverns during 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Schuyler–Colfax House is located in Wayne, Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1695 by Arent Schuyler and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 3, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Completed as a one-room farmhouse in 1695 by Arent Schuyler, the Schuyler homestead was passed to Arent Schuylers great granddaughter Hester Schuyler who married William Colfax, commander of George Washingtons Life Guards. Their grandson, Schuyler Colfax, Jr., was the 17th Vice President of the United States. The Dutch Colonial style addition to the originally brick and field-stone building was added by Colfax in 1783.</p><br>
<p>Despite the 20th century alteration of the structure to add dormers in place of "belly-windows," the Schuyler–Colfax House was added to the State and National Registers of Historic Places in 1965, a decision based upon surviving historic features and the important role the Schuyler–Colfax family has played in local history.</p><br>
<p>Today, the building operates is closed to the public after having been purchased in 1994 by Wayne Township from Dr. Jane Colfax. Until then, the house had been continuously owned and lived in by the Colfax family.</p><br>
<p>The Westervelt–Ackerson House is located in Ramsey, in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 20, 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The Westervelt–Ackerson house, also known as The Old Stone House is currently believed to have been constructed in the early to mid-1700s. Corroborating evidence has been found on the grounds themselves, an old barn beam bears the date 1747 and the stone construction of the structure also supports this. The house was built as a Dutch Colonial farmhouse, its materials were Rubble, stone, clay mortar, chopped straw and hogs hair.</p><br>
<h2>Controversy</h2><br>
<p>Before the Westervelt&#39;s became the owners of the land, it was occupied by a faction of the Lenape nation known specifically as the Ramapough Indians. The Natives forfeited their land by a much disputed deed signed in 1710. For the price of 50 ounces of silver Remopuck(Ramapo), Pasqueck(Passaic), Hackensack, Tappan and Saddle River were sold to Elias Boudinot, John Aubeneau and Peter Fauconnier. Some question the veracity of the deed, one of the signatures found on it belonged to a squaw, Ayamanugh. She signed the deed with the mark of a cross, a Christian symbol on an Indian deed and a woman signing such a document were both highly unusual for the time.</p><br>
<h2>Uses throughout the years</h2><br>
<p>The Old Stone Houses uses have been varied throughout the years. Originally it was built as a residence, but after its inhabitants departed it went through several transformations. It served some time as a stagecoach stop, where teams of horses were changed. Later in its life it was believed to have been a tavern. One undocumented but frequently told tale is that Aaron Burr stopped for the night for drink and sleep before he continued on to the Hermitage. In the Early 1950s the house and property were bought by the New Jersey Department of Transportation, with the intent to demolish the house in order to facilitate the construction of an overpass over Route 17. The State was convinced to spare the house by numerous petitions from groups including the Ramsey Womens Club.</p><br>
<h2>In film</h2><br>
<p>In 2000, the "Stone by Stone" docudrama of the Old Stone Houses history was recognized by the National Trust for Historic Preservation as a "Save Americas treasures project."</p><br>
<p>The bridge at New Bridge Landing, New Jersey was built in 1888 to replace an earlier wooden one, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 5, 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to historian Kevin Wright, the extant iron swing bridge at New Bridge Landing occupies the site of a series of wooden drawbridges that have spanned the narrows of the Hackensack River at New Bridge since 1745. Until 1790, this was the first river crossing above Newark Bay and so carried overland traffic between Manhattan and the interior of North America. The bridge became vitally important during the American Revolution and was crossed by General George Washington at the head of the retreating garrison of Fort Lee on November 20, 1776, earning its appellation as the Bridge That Saved A Nation. Hills on either side of New Bridge were fortified during the war to defend this strategic crossing and stone houses flanking the bridge served as forts, battleground, encampment ground and military headquarters in every year of the conflict. New Bridge was literally, "the crossroads of the American Revolution," having supposedly survived more of the war than any other spot in America.</p><br>
<p>Bergen County installed the extant iron swing bridge in 1889 as part of the ongoing replacement of outdated wooden drawbridges, which slowed the passage of ship traffic on the river. A drawbridge only opened one lane of traffic, while a swing bridge opened two, allowing boats to pass simultaneously in both directions. The Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders instructed a Bridge Committee to proceed with plans, specifications and cost estimates for a new structure to span the Hackensack River at the village of New Bridge at a special meeting in April 1888. Freeholder Zabriskie, heading the committee, put the cost of the proposed structure at about $9,000. On June 25, 1888, the Bridge Committee revised specifications for the new bridge and decided to re-advertise for bids. On the final day of June, they adopted their plans and specifications. In July 1888, contracts for erecting an iron bridge at New Bridge were awarded on the following bids:</p><br>
<p>Bridge Contracts: New Bridge Draw — Smith Bridge Co., $4,170; Penn. $4,390; Berlin, $4,287; Dean & Westbrook, $4,330; Variety, $4,390; Columbia, $4,345; Pittsburg, $4,467; King Iron, $3,990 — King Iron awarded contract. Bids for stone work — Joseph Stagg, $3,994; S. H. Vanderbeck, $4,324. Contract to Mr. Stagg.</p><br>
<p>Joseph W. Stagg, House Mover and Bridge Builder, resided in the Highland section of Englewood. In the final week of August 1888, Joseph Stagg commenced tearing down the bridge at New Bridge and began laying stone for the abutments. By the close of November 1888, the people of New Bridge were indignant. The old bridge had been torn down about August first and although contractor Joseph Stagg had completed his portion of the contract, no attempt had been made on the part of the new contractors to do their work and open the highway. A fire at their Cleveland foundry reportedly delayed the King Iron Bridge Company from completing its manufacture of bridge parts (perhaps explaining why the trusses bear the imprint of "Phoenix Iron"). The new iron swing bridge at New Bridge was finally opened on Monday, February 4, 1889. At their monthly meeting on that same date, the Board of Chosen Freeholders were presented a bill for $100 in favor of Joseph Stagg for building a temporary foot-bridge across the Hackensack River at Cherry Hill, which apparently served the citizens of New Bridge during the six months that they waited for the iron bridge to be installed. On March 2, 1889, Nicholas B. Demarest completed the work of filling in the approaches to the new span across the river at New Bridge. In June 1891, the Freeholders authorized payment of the following bridge-keepers: at Old Bridge, Bloomer Brothers, $20; at New Bridge, Abraham Leggett, $60. On August 15, 1892, according to newspaper reports, "a quartet of Hackensack youth with more or less “tanglefoot” on board, did considerable mischief at Cherry Hill and New Bridge," placing the key to the drawbridge in position, thus endangering travel over the draw. A wooden sidewalk was built on the north side of the bridge in 1900.</p><br>
<p>On November 14, 1906, the caboose on the freight train, due at the Cherry Hill Station about 6:30 p.m., derailed while being switched from the northbound to the southbound tracks, thereby delaying traffic for about two hours. On the same night, the New Bridge got stuck in open position after passage of a boat, further delaying the people who had already been delayed by the caboose accident.</p><br>
<p>The bridge remained operational, principally for coal and lumber barges, until 1940 when replacement of the downstream bridge at Anderson Street, Hackensack, with a fixed span, closed the river upstream to navigation. A new roadway for extending Hackensack Avenue beyond its intersection with Main Street in River Edge, to an extension of New Bridge Road in New Milford was laid out in 1956 across the northwest corner of the Bergen County Historical Societys property, to a new concrete-and-steel bridge over the Hackensack River, 500 north of the iron truss bridge. Thus, the Bergen County Historical Society prevented construction of an elevated highway bridge immediately adjacent to the south gable-end of the historic Steuben House. The closing of the 1889 swing bridge to automotive traffic turned Main Street, River Edge, into a dead-end in front of the Steuben House. Old New Bridge Road (on the boundary between New Milford and Teaneck) likewise became a dead end.</p><br>
<p>The Army Corps of Engineers planned to destroy the old bridge as soon as the new one was completed. The Bergen County Historical Society and the Dumont Women’s Club successfully petitioned to keep the historic span for a pedestrian crossing. Colonel John T. O’Neill, of the Army Corps of Engineers, yielded to Freeholder Walter M. Neill, who promised that Bergen County would henceforth maintain the old bridge, if it were spared.</p><br>
<p>Historians Claire Tholl and Kevin Wright provided the research for its listing on the New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places as the "Draw Bridge at New Bridge" in 1989 to commemorate its centennial. It is recognized as the oldest surviving highway swing-bridge in the State of New Jersey. It can no longer rotate because it has been welded to the piers at either end.</p><br>
<p>With approval from the Historic New Bridge Landing Park Commission, Bergen County completed a rehabilitation and historic restoration of the 1889 Swing Bridge in October 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Gethsemane Cemetery, is located in Little Ferry, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States on an acre on a sandy hill just off USA Route 46 and Liberty Street. The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 20, 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Gethsemane (Greek ΓεΘσημανἰ, Gethsēmani Hebrew:גת שמנים, Aramaic:גת שמני, Gath-Šmânê, Assyrian ܓܕܣܡܢ, Gat Šmānê, lit. "oil press") is a garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem, most famous as the place where Jesus and his disciples prayed the night before Jesus&#39; crucifixion.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery was opened in 1860 as a burial ground for nearby African-American residents. In 1901 the cemetery was turned over to seven African-American trustees and incorporated as Gethsemane Cemetery. Over 500 people were buried in less than an acre of land. The last burial occurred in 1924. Bergen County took over the maintain of the cemetery in 1985 and dedicated it as a County Historic Site. Fewer than 50 gravestones remain intact.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Elizabeth Sutliff Dulfer, (d.1880) - former slave, owned second largest clay company at the time.</p><br>
<p>Peter Billings - Civil War veteran</p><br>
<p>Silas M. Carpenter - Civil War veteran</p><br>
<p>Ocean City 34th Street Station was located in Ocean City, Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. The station — a small wooden shelter with bench seating for a few passengers, located just south of 34th Street next to a rail line running down the middle of Haven Avenue — was built in 1885 by the Ocean City Railroad, which was acquired by the Atlantic City Railroad in 1901, and later by the Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines. Trains last served the station in August 1981, when service was cancelled due to poor track conditions and limited funding from the New Jersey Department of Transportation.</p><br>
<p>The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 22, 1984. It was subsequently damaged beyond repair when a truck backed into it, and thus demolished.</p><br>
<p>Rio Grande Station is a historic passenger station located in Lower Township, Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. The station was built in 1894 by the West Jersey Railroad in nearby Rio Grande, New Jersey. Subsequently the station served passengers on the Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines.</p><br>
<p>The Rio Grande Station was donated to Cold Spring Village, a history museum in Lower Township, and it was moved to the museum site in 1975. It now operates as a seasonal heritage railroad station for the Cape May Seashore Lines. The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 13, 2007. In the summer of 2013, the Cape May Seashore Lines operated Gas-powered speeder cars from Cold Spring Station to approximately one mile south on the line for the public. Since scrap vandals ravaged tracks from Woodbine to Dennisville in the summer of 2012, no locomotives or railcars have been able to operate to Cold Spring Station or points farther south since 2011.</p><br>
<p>Kulusuk Island  is an island in the Sermersooq municipality on the southeastern shore of Greenland. It is an outlying island in the Ammassalik archipelago of islands on the coast of the North Atlantic. The island is home to Kulusuk, the fourth-largest settlement on the entire eastern coast of Greenland. The island has an area of 41.98 km², and measures 8 km from north to south and 11 km from west to east. The Kulusuk Airport on the island is one of the two airports on the entire eastern Greenland coast.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Among the archaeological ruins on Kulusuk the ancient settlement of Ikaasap Ittiva (Ikâsap Igtiva) is located near the shore at the northern end of the island. This site belongs to the oldest phase of the Saqqaq culture, around 2000 BCE.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is hilly throughout, with several distinct mountains dominating the eastern and southern coast. The southernmost point is the Naujaangivit cape (Kap Dan − a name often extended to the settlement or the island) under the Isikajia mountain (336 m).</p><br>
<p>To the northeast the island is separated from the Apusiaajik Island by the Ikaasaartik Strait. In the north, the Torsuut Tunoq sound separates it from the small, uninhabited Akinaaq island, ultimately linking it to the Ammassalik Fjord in the northwest. To the south and east the island shores are washed by the icy waters of the North Atlantic, through which flows the East Greenland Current.</p><br>
<h3>Promontories</h3><br>
<h3>Coast</h3><br>
<p>The coast of most of the island is mostly undeveloped, with the mountain walls and slopes falling directly into the ocean. In the west there are several small peninsulas and bays. The largest of the latter is Tiivtingaleq bay to the southwest of the settlement, host to a small harbour used both in all seasons as a starting point for hunting trips.</p><br>
<p>A group of tiny skerries surrounds the coastline in the west, as well as in the north in the vicinity of the village. From north to south, the western skerries are: Sitte, Puullortuluk, Ittitalik, Ittive, and Saattit.</p><br>
<h3>Mountains</h3><br>
<p>The island is hilly, and unlike its immediate neighbours, not glaciated, albeit covered with ice for more than half of the year. The highest point on the island is the summit of Qalorujoorneq, at 676 mtopping a wide mountain massif in the southeast, directly above the Kulusuk Airport. Qalorujoorneq has three ridges. Its southeastern ridge extends to the southeastern promontory on the island, with two distinct peaks: Saajat at 603 m and Kangeq at 280 m.</p><br>
<h3>Lakes</h3><br>
<p>There is one larger lake on the island, Qalorujoornep Tasia, located in a post-glacial cirque in the heart of the island directly west of the western wall of Qalorujoorneq. Its northern shore is situated just shy of the shallow saddle in the northwestern ridge of the mountain, directly above the airport. During the brief summer a stream flows to the west, to then turn north through the depression in the center of the island, to join the second-largest lake on the island, serving as a water reservoir for the settlement. The reservoir empties into a smaller pond on the edge of the village just south of the coastal scarp. The outflow from the reservoir leads to the west, through a series of smaller interior lakes, draining into Tiivtingaleq bay. All lakes and streams are frozen during winter.</p><br>
<p>The Royal Palace of Mari was the royal residence of the rulers of the ancient kingdom of Mari in eastern Syria. Situated centrally amidst Palestine, Syria, Babylon, Levant, and other Mesopotamian city-states, Mari acted as the “middle-man” to these larger, powerful kingdoms. Both the size and grand nature of the palace demonstrate the importance of Mari during its long history, though the most intriguing feature of the palace is the nearly 25,000 tablets found within the palace rooms. The royal palace was discovered in 1935, excavated with the rest of the city throughout the 1930s, and is considered one of the most important finds made at Mari André Parrot led the excavations and was responsible for the discovery of the city and the palace. Thousands of clay tablets were discovered through the efforts of André Bianquis, which provided archaeologists the tools to learn about, and to understand, everyday life at the palace and in Mari. The discovery of the tablets also aided in the labeling of various rooms in terms of their purpose and function.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The palace reached its grandest state with its last renovation under king Zimri-Lim in the 18th century BC; in addition to serving as the home of the royal family, the palace would have also housed royal guards, state workers, members of the military, and those responsible for the daily activities of the kingdom. The apartments of the king were well separated from the rest of the palace and relatively simple to identify when Parrot led the excavations. While most rooms in the palace were interconnected and allowed access to one another, the private quarters of the royal family were very isolated. Parrot emphasized the amount of privacy afforded the king and his family, as well as the maximum level of security that was maintained through the architecture of the building.</p><br>
<p>An entry gate was the only access point of the large palace complex, thus providing added security. The layout of the palace was also built with the security of the royal family in mind. A central court was surrounded by a series of smaller rooms. Entryways to courtyards were positioned in such a way as to make any attacks on those within the courtyard nearly impossible. Such architectural features did not allow any visitor to peer directly into one of the open courts, but forced a visitor to change direction and enter on the side of the court; anyone wishing to use a weapon would not have been able to directly access any room inside of the main gateway.</p><br>
<p>The royal palace at Mari was decorated with frescoes and statues. Decoration different depending on the function of the room. Religious and royal scenes were placed in public areas, where the message of kingship and religion could easily be viewed by visitors and residents of the palace. More private rooms, like the royal apartments, were decorated with patterns, shapes, and geometric designs. Designs in the royal apartments would have added to the luxurious accommodations befitting the royal family, while the representational frescoes would have demonstrated luxury, power, and authority.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological finds</h2><br>
<h3>Statues</h3><br>
<p>Statues of gods and past rulers were the most common among statues unearthed at the Palace of Zimri-Lin. The title of Shakkanakku (military governor) was borne by all the princes of a dynasty who reigned at Mari in the late third millennium and early second millennium BC. These kings were the descendents of the military governors appointed by the kings of Akkad. Statues and sculpture were used to decorate the exterior and interior of the palace. Zimri-Lin used these statues to connect his kingship to the gods and to the traditions of past rulers. Most notable of these statues are the statue of Iddi-Ilum, Ishtup-Ilum, the Statue of the Water Goddess, and Puzur-Ishtar.</p><br>
<h4>Puzur-Ishtar</h4><br>
<p>The statue of Puzur-Ishtar once stood in one of the sanctuaries of the Palace of Zimri-Lim, but was discovered in the museum of Nebuchadrezzar’s palace at Babylon (604-562 B.C.E). The inscription on the hem of the statue’s skirt mentions Puzur-Ishtar, sakkanakku of Mari, and also mentions his brother the priest Milaga. Horned caps are usually limited to divine representations in Mesopotamian art but they do not occur on depictions of kings during the Ur III period, therefore it is considered that perhaps the horns of divinity on Puzur-Ishtar’s cap qualified him (to the Babylonian soldiers) as a god to be carted home as the ultimate symbol of their victory over the people of Mari.</p><br>
<h4>Ishtup-Ilum</h4><br>
<p>The Statue of Ishtup-Ilum is made of basalt and was found in room 65 of the palace. The inscription on his shoulder identifies this man as a governor (sakkanakku) of Mari during the early second millennium B.C.E. Ishtup-Ilum was known for his lavish gifts to the Ishtar temple, the temple of the popular goddess of fertility, love, war, and sex. The height of the statue is 1.52 meters. The statue is now in the Aleppo Museum.</p><br>
<h4>Iddi-Ilum</h4><br>
<p>Iddi-Ilum was a former sakkanakku of Mari. This statue portrays Iddi-Ilum as a religious ruler, for his hands are clasped in front of him in the typical Mesopotamian pose of prayer. His luxurious robe has a tasseled border and is wound around his body, contrary to Mesopotamian tradition. The statuette bears an inscription in Akkadian: “Iddi-Ilum, shakkanakku of Mari, has dedicated his statue to Inanna. Whosoever erases this inscription will have his line wiped out by Inanna.” Connections can be made between this statuette and the statue of Puzur-Ishtar, also shakkanakku of Mari, by virtue of the trimmed beard and rich garments.</p><br>
<h4>Statue of a Water Goddess</h4><br>
<p>Depictions of water bearing goddesses were a common occurrence in Mesopotamia. The statue of a Goddess holding a vase was in fact a fountain, with water flowing out of the vase. This statue is nearly life size and most likely stood in the palace chapel. A channel connected to a water supply was drilled through the body of the statue and allowed water to flow from the goddess’ vase.</p><br>
<h3>Tablets</h3><br>
<p>More than 20,000 tablets have been found in the palace. The tablets, according to André Parrot, "brought about a complete revision of the historical dating of the ancient Near East and provided more than 500 new place names, enough to redraw or even draw up the geographical map of the ancient world"</p><br>
<p>Many of the recovered tablets have been identified as either the remains of the royal epistolary archive of Mari, other administrative documents, and the Kings letters to his wives which were found in the women&#39;s quarters. Some letters include direct quotes from King Hammurabi leading us to believe that they were contemporaneous with his rule.</p><br>
<p>Other letters shed light on divinity at Mari and in the ancient Near East. Letters from the epistolary archive include fascinating information about divination, gods, and even descriptions of ancient dreams. According to the tablets, a prophetic dream was had, a letter would be sent to a diviner who would perform extispicy to confirm the revelation.</p><br>
<h3>Frescoes</h3><br>
<p>Figural frescoes were found in five rooms within the Palace of Mari. From those recovered, only four compositions were able to be restored, due to the deterioration of the materials and damage done by Hammurabi of Babylon&#39;s sacking of Mari circa 2760 BCE. the date here is a misprint for ca. 1760 bce. (middle chronology)</p><br>
<h4>The Investiture of Zimri-Lim</h4><br>
<p>"The Investiture of Zimri-Lim," dating to the 18th century BCE and discovered during 1935–1936 excavations at Mari by French archaeologist André Parrot, was the only painting found in situ in the palace. The painting is distinguished in part by its wide range of color, including green and blue. Painted on a thin layer of mud plaster applied directly to the palace&#39;s brick wall, the scene features a warrior goddess, likely Ishtar, giving Zimri-Lim a ring and a staff, the symbols of kingship. The continuation of the red and blue painted border of the panel suggests that it was one of several adorning the walls of the room.</p><br>
<p>Recent restoration efforts by the Louvre have revealed previously unseen details, such as scalloping on Zimri-Lim&#39;s robe, and unexpectedly vibrant colors, such as a brilliantly orange bull.</p><br>
<h4>Sacrifical procession scene</h4><br>
<p>Fragments of a sacrificial procession scene were found at the base of the eastern half of the same wall on which "The Investiture of Zimri-Lim" was recovered. The painting has multiple registers and depicts a life-size figure leading men who are in turn leading a procession of sacrificial animals. The colors utilized are black, brown, red, white, and gray.</p><br>
<p>The application technique of this scene differs from the thin mud plaster used as a base for other frescoes in the palace. The sacrificial procession scene utilized layered mud, which was scored to aid attachment to a top layer of thick gypsum plaster. The presence of both frescoes in the same room and the better preservation of the "Investiture" scene could mean that "Investiture" was an earlier painting, and that the concealing of this fresco by the later procession scene is what saved it from suffering the same degree of damage as the palace&#39;s other frescoes.</p><br>
<h4>"Audience chamber" frescoes</h4><br>
<p>A number of wall-painting fragments were also discovered in from the south-western end of narrow room that Parrot dubbed the "king&#39;s audience chamber." These fragments were restored to a size of 2.8 meters (nearly ten feet) in height and 3.35 meters (nearly eleven feet) in width.</p><br>
<p>The paintings include two major registers, each depicting a scene in which offerings are made to deities. The scenes are framed by mythological creatures and bordered top and bottom by striding men carrying bundles on their backs. The figures are outlined with thick black line, with red, gray, brown, yellow, and white pigments utilized throughout the painting.</p><br>
<h4>Other fragmentary images</h4><br>
<p>Painting fragments found in the same room as the "Investiture of Zimri-Lim" and the sacrificial procession scene include goats in heraldic pose flanking a tree, a life-size figure with a dagger in his belt, a figure in front of an architectural background, and a hand grasping hair in a manner very similar to the traditional Egyptian scene of a king smiting an enemy with a mace.</p><br>
<p>Others rooms yielded very fragmentary wall paintings, which may have fallen and broken partly as a result of the collapse of an upper story. The fragments fall into two general stylistic groups: figures resembling the bundle-bearing men in the "audience chamber" frescoes, and life-size figures bearing similarity to the sacrificial procession scene.</p><br>
<p>Lahore Masonic Temple in the Charing Cross neighbourhood of Lahore, Pakistan, is the former home of Prince Albert Victor Lodge 2370ec, and Hope and Perseverance Lodge No. 782, two Masonic lodges warranted by the United Grand Lodge of England.</p><br>
<p>The building has not been used for masonic purposes since the lodges were disbanded in 1972, when then Prime Minister of Pakistan, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto placed a ban on Freemasonry in Pakistan.</p><br>
<h2>Lodge of Hope and Perseverance No. 782</h2><br>
<p>The first Masonic Temple of the Lodge of Hope and Perseverance was built in 1859 at Anarkali, Lahore. Its site on Lodge Road is now occupied by Lady Maclagan Government High School.</p><br>
<p>The second Masonic Temple was built in 1914, using the foundation stone from its predecessor, on land that had once been a garden. The new temple was designed by Basil M. Sullivan, Consulting Architect to the government of Punjab, and mirrored the Shah Din Building, across the street along the Queens Road. It was later renovated for use by the Punjab Chief Minister&#39;s Secretariat. Due to recent additions to the Shah Din building, the two buildings are no longer mirror images of each other.</p><br>
<h3>Rudyard Kipling</h3><br>
<p>The author and poet Rudyard Kipling was made a mason in the Lodge of Hope and Perseverance in 1885, at the original lodge building, under a dispensation allowing him to be initiated before his 21st Birthday. He served as secretary of the Lodge following his initiation. He remained a member of the lodge for three years, demitting in 1889. He wrote of his time in the Lodge of Hope and Perseverance in "Something of Myself" and in a letter to the Times, describing "decorating the bare walls of the Masonic Hall with hangings after the prescription of King Solomons Temple" and meeting members of many different religious faiths, including Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs and Jews. Kipling also references the original 1859 building in the opening scene of his novel Kim, describing it as "the big blue and white Jadoo-Gher—the Magic House, as we named the Masonic Lodge." One plot line in the book relates to a piece of paper in Kims possession, a "clearance-certificate", which shows that his deceased father was a Mason. In 1914, long after Kipling had left India, the lodge demolished the building that Kipling described, and replaced it with the current one.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>In 1972 Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, then Prime Minister of Pakistan, placed a ban on Freemasonry and many other foreign organizations present in the country. The lodge was then disbanded and for a time the building was unused. It has been used as a multi-purpose Punjab government building.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1980s the Heritage Foundation Pakistan and concerned citizens of Lahore started a project to renovate the heritage buildings on the Mall road, including this building.</p><br>
<p>Saints Peter and Paul Roman Catholic Church is a former parish church of the Diocese of Davenport. The church is located in rural Harper, Iowa, United States, on 242nd St in Clear Creek Township, Keokuk County. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The parish was known in the Davenport Diocese as Saints Peter and Paul, Clear Creek.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>German immigrants were some of the first people to settle Keokuk County. They were largely centered in Clear Creek and German Townships and their population, as well as that of the county itself, peaked in 1895. Because they remained independents they were a political force in the county and decided many county elections. Both townships founded Catholic parishes in the 1850s.</p><br>
<p>Catholics in Clear Creek Township purchased 20 acre of land in 1857 for a Catholic church and cemetery. The parish was served by itinerant priests who would visit occasionally. The first Mass was celebrated in the log structure on the property in 1859, and the parish was organized in 1860. The parish started its first church building built of brick in 1863, which was dedicated to the apostles Peter and Paul. The old log church was used for a school until 1875 when the first school building was erected. A rectory was built between 1893 and 1894 for a resident priest.</p><br>
<p>The Sisters of St. Francis of Assisi from Milwaukee taught in the parish school from 1895-1902. During this time plans for the current church structure were made. Ferdinand S. Borgolte from Rock Island, Illinois was chosen as the architect, and Harry Schroeder of Washington, Iowa as the contractor. The bricks were produced by Fuller & Schumacher of Muscatine, Iowa. The cornerstone was laid on June 8, 1898 by Bishop Henry Cosgrove of Davenport. The church building was dedicated on April 18, 1899, and was built for about $10,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1902 the Sisters of the Most Precious Blood taught in the school for a few months before lay teachers took over. The following year the School Sisters of St. Francis from Milwaukee came to teach in the school. A new school building with living quarters for the sisters was built in 1906. A new rectory was built in 1911. It was destroyed by a fire in 1930 when the present structure was built.</p><br>
<p>Two of the three bells were placed in the tower in 1907. The larger of the two bells weighs 2,060 lbs and cost $566. Lightening struck the church&#39;s bell tower in 1950 and set it on fire. The damage was minimal. In 1963 a parish hall was created in the basement of the church.</p><br>
<p>The parish school had 48 students in the 1966-67 school year. Because of the small number the sisters withdrew from the parish and the school closed. Ten years later the parish voted to join the Keota-Harper Catholic School System. During the pastorate of the Rev. John Hebenstreit (1969-1979) the parish council was established. He ended up being the parishs last resident pastor. Saints Peter and Paul began to share a pastor, the Rev. Robert McAleer, with St. Elizabeths in the town of Harper. In 1983 the school building was torn down.</p><br>
<p>St. Marys parish in Keota was added to the parish cluster when the Rev. H. Robert Harness was pastor in 1988. The three parishes were officially dissolved on July 1, 1992 when they formed Holy Trinity parish. All three church buildings were initially used by the parish. As the number of Catholics in the area and the number of priests to serve the diocese continued to decline, the decision was made to cluster Holy Trinity parish with St. Marys parish in Sigourney. At the same time it was decided to close Saints Peter and Paul Church. The last regularly scheduled Mass in the church was celebrated on June 25, 2006 by the Rev. Marty Goetz who had been pastor since 2001. On June 13, 2009 Bishop Martin Amos approved the sale of the church building to the Clear Creek Heritage Association.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Saints Peter and Paul Church is a 42 by structure. The exterior features decorative brickwork pilasters and a mock cornice with denticulation. Two sacristies are located on either side of the apse. The building contains period stained glass windows and has wood carved altars and pews. The 14 stained glass windows in the nave and the apse were donated by parish families and they portray various saints. Donor’s names are inscribed below. The altars are hand carved walnut with gold leaf trim. The work is attributed to Nickolas Juhl of Davenport. Juhl, a German-born Jew, was an accomplished woodcarver who carved the altars for several of Davenport&#39;s Catholic churches.</p><br>
<p>Trevitts Addition Historic District is a neighborhood, primarily residential in character, located in The Dalles, Oregon, United States. Victor Trevitt platted the first expansion of the original 1855 "Dalles City" townsite in 1860, and continued to extend his addition in response to economic developments. The district saw the first flour mill and electrical and water systems in The Dalles, one of the areas earliest Catholic churches, and direct connection to transportation networks including the Columbia River Highway and the railroad. Surviving buildings in the district reflect a continuous spectrum of architectural styles from 1864 to 1937.</p><br>
<p>The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Denisova Cave  is a cave in the Bashelaksky Range of the Altai mountains, Siberia, Russia. The cave is of great paleoarchaeological and paleontological interest. Bone fragments of the Denisova hominin, sometimes called the "X woman"  originate from the cave, including artifacts dated to around 40,000 BP.</p><br>
<p>The cave is located in a region thought to have been inhabited concurrently in the past by Neanderthals and modern humans. A bone needle dated to 50,000 years ago was discovered at the archaeological site in 2016 and is described as the most ancient needle known.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Located in Altai Krai, at the border of the Altai Republic, the cave is near the village of Chorny Anui (Чёрный Ануй), and some 150 km south of Barnaul, the nearest major city. The cave, which is approximately 28 m above the right bank of the Anuy River (a left tributary of the Ob), has formed in upper Silurian limestone and contains a floor area of about 270 m&sup2;. The cave is composed of three galleries. The central chamber, the Main Gallery, contains a floor of 9 m x 11 m with side galleries, the East Gallery and the South Gallery. It has been described as both as a karst cave and as a sandstone cave.</p><br>
<p>Cave sediments are rich with remnants of animals, including extinct ones. Remains of 27 species of large and medium-sized mammals have been found, (such as cave hyena, cave lion, etc.) and 39 species of small mammals, as well as remnants of reptiles, 50 bird species and other vertebrates. Pollen in the cave sediments are used for palaeoclimatological research.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 18th century, the cave was inhabited by a hermit, Dionisij (Denis), and was named after him, while the indigenous Altay people call it Ayu-Tash (Bear Rock). In the 1970s, Soviet scientists discovered paleoarcheological remains in the cave that led to further explorations. So far, 22 strata have been identified, with archeological artifacts that cover the time from Dionisij back to about 125,000–180,000 years ago. The dating of the strata was accomplished by the use of thermoluminescence dating of sediments, or, in some cases, radiocarbon dating on charcoal.</p><br>
<p>Among the archeological artifacts are Mousterian- and Levallois-style tools attributed to Neanderthals. The cave also contains stone tools and bone artifacts made by modern humans, and Pääbo commented: "The one place where we are sure all three human forms have lived at one time or another is here in Denisova Cave."</p><br>
<h2>Archaeogenetics</h2><br>
<p>The average annual temperature of the cave remains at 0 °C (32 °F), which has contributed to the preservation of archaic DNA among the remains discovered.</p><br>
<h3>Denisova hominin</h3><br>
<p>Scientists from the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of Novosibirsk have investigated the cave. Among the artifacts which had been left about 30,000 to 48,000 years ago (strata 9-11), bones were identified. One of these bones was a piece of phalanx of a child found in layer 11.2 of the East Gallery. The fossil element was analyzed by Svante Pääbo and coworkers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig; its mitochondrial DNA revealed a structure that differs from known human patterns and has been ascribed to "Denisova hominin", apparently an extinct hominin species or subspecies. Further analysis revealed the Denisovans were related to the Neanderthals and interbred with the ancestors of modern Melanesians.</p><br>
<h3>Neanderthal remains</h3><br>
<p>In 2011, a toe bone was discovered in the cave, in layer 11.4 of the East Gallery, and therefore contemporary with the Denisovan finger bone. Preliminary characterization of the bone&#39;s mitochondrial DNA suggested it belonged to a Neanderthal, not a Denisovan. Later analysis confirmed the toe bone as coming from a Neanderthal. The first high-coverage genome of Neanderthals was taken from this toe bone.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, researchers applied a new technique via species identification by collagen peptide mass fingerprinting, Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS), to sort through 2,315 unidentified bone fragments retrieved from a 2014 excavation. They found that one sample, DC1227, taken from layer 12 of the East Gallery, carried human traits. This was the first time that this technique was used to successfully identify the presence of an extinct human. DC1227 was a bone fragment weighing 1.68 g, measuring in with a maximum length of 24.7 mm and maximum width of 8.39 mm. mtDNA analysis revealed that the owner of the bone fragment was a Neanderthal, with closest affinity to other Neanderthals discovered in the Altai region.</p><br>
<h3>DNA from soil</h3><br>
<p>In 2017, researchers successfully sequenced DNA from soil samples taken from Denisova Cave. They were able to identify Neanderthal and Denisovan mtDNA from several samples, as well as the DNA of several animals. The researchers identified Neanderthal mtDNA from soil samples taken from layer 15 from the Main Gallery, a layer associated with Paleolithic artifacts where no Neanderthal fossil has ever been found. The researchers also identified Neanderthal and Denisovan mtDNA taken from layers 14 and 15, respectively, from the East Gallery, at layers lower than any previous fossil finds, layers where no hominin fossil has ever been found.</p><br>
<h3>Ovodov horse</h3><br>
<p>In 2017, researchers successfully recovered mtDNA from an equiid fossil, dating to around 32,000 years ago, taken from Denisova Cave. The equiid fossil is described by its authors as coming from Equus ovodovi (Ovodov horse), an extinct species first described in 2010 based on a 40,000 year old fossil taken from Proskuryakova Cave in Khakassia, Russia. The mtDNA of the Denisova sample shows close affinity for that taken from Proskuryakova Cave. DNA analysis places Equus ovodovi as a phylogenetically basal group for non-caballine horses, with closest genetic affinity for zebras.</p><br>
<h2>Fossils</h2><br>
<p>So far, the fossils of six distinct individuals from Denisova Cave have been identified through their DNA. Four of the individuals, Denisova 2, Denisova 3, Denisova 4 and Denisova 8 are classified as Denisovans. Denisova 2 and Denisova 3 are young girls, while Denisova 4 and Denisova 8 are adult males. mtDNA analysis of the Denisovan individuals suggests that Denisova 2 is the oldest, followed by Denisova 8, while Denisova 3 and Denisova 4 are roughly contemporaneous.</p><br>
<p>One of the individuals, the Altai Neanderthal, is a Neanderthal woman. Before its DNA was sequenced, the Altai Neanderthal had been given the provisional name of Denisova 5. In 2016, Denisova 11 was identified as a Neanderthal based on mtDNA evidence.</p><br>
<p>During DNA sequencing, Denisova 2, Denisova 4 and Denisova 8 yielded low-coverage genomes, while Denisova 3 and the Altai Neanderthal yielded high-coverage genomes.</p><br>
<p>The forêt de Brotonne , in France, is situated to the west of Rouen in a vast meander of the Seine, accessible by the pont de Brotonne. It is a part of the Parc naturel régional des Boucles de la Seine normande , which allows for the safeguarding of a large natural space stretching from the banlieue of Rouen to the commune of Marais-Vernier.</p><br>
<p>Today the forest encompasses an area 12 km in length and 10 km in width, and is divided by multiple forest roads. It contains more than ninety species of trees, notably oaks and beech. The state-owned section covers more than 6,700 hectare (out of a total 7,200 hectare). The forest is one of the largest beech forests in France, with 62% of its area of its surface covered in beech. In addition to beech and oaks, the forest also contains Scots Pines and Hornbeams.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the trees, the forest also contains a windmill (the moulin-tour de Hauville) and a communal cottage (four à pain) of La Haye-De-Routot. The forest&#39;s western edge is bordered by the A131 autoroute.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the Ancient Roman period, the remainder of the primary forests were cleared (as deforestation had already most likely begun during the Neolithic Period in order to build large domains consisting of several farms a linked to new cities which were growing along the banks of the Seine, along with a new palace named le palais d&#39;Arelaune. Some of the houses constructed during this period measured up to 150 m long and 80 m wide and were elegantly decorated.</p><br>
<p>At the entrance of the forest on the other side of the Seine, the Fontenelle Abbey was constructed during the reign of Clovis II, which marked the beginning of evangelicalism in the area. Later, during the reign of Thierry III, Condède, a Breton recluse saint moved to an island by the forest where he lived for fifteen years, attracting a number of pilgrims who continued to come even after his death to visit his tomb.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Lake Harney, named for General William S. Harney, is a lake that straddles the county line between Volusia County and Seminole County, Florida, at the coordinates latitude 28°45’21.404”, longitude 81° 03’36.019”. It is fed by the Saint Johns River which flows through central Florida and feeds many of the nearby lakes such as Lake Monroe.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A large amount of Lake Harney&#39;s history can be credited to General William S. Harney and the wars he took part in throughout Florida. Mal Martin, in a 2001 online article, "The Naming of Lake Harney," stated, “William Selby Harney was born in Haysboro, Tennessee, on August 22, 1800.”</p><br>
<p>When he entered the military, he enlisted as a Second Lieutenant in the First United States Infantry on February 12, 1818, and remained at that rank throughout the First Seminole War which was sparked by Andrew Jackson&#39;s attack on a fort held by the Seminole people. Harney was recognized for his military abilities and raised to the rank of First Lieutenant, on January 7, 1819.</p><br>
<p>Harney continued in his military career and, after the end of the Second Seminole War, served in the Mexican-American War and the Civil War, retiring on August 1, 1863, as a General. After retirement, he married a nurse and lived in Pass Christian, Mississippi, for some time. He died on May 9, 1889, in Orlando, Florida, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>There are several landmarks named in his honor, such as Harney Peak (now Black Elk Peak) in South Dakota and Camp Harney in Zapata, Texas.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Lake Harney is home to a variety of species of fish, reptiles, water fowl and wading birds. It is nominally fresh water with some salt water springs throughout the area. The lake is home to a variety of fish such as largemouth bass, crappie, bluegill, and redear sunfish, all of which are prey to the lake&#39;s birds such as bald eagles, osprey, Crested caracara, white ibis, wood stork (Ibis), herons, cranes, cattle egrets, wild turkeys, a variety of ducks and other water fowl. The Lake Harney Wilderness Area is a protected habitat in which the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, or FWC, observes several bald eagle nests in the area.</p><br>
<p>Kang Yatze or Kang Yatse  is a mountain located at the end of the Markha valley in the Himalayas in the Ladakh region of northwest India. It is located in the Hemis National Park.</p><br>
<p>The mountain has two main summits, the lower western peak (Kang Yatze II) is easier (Alpine PD) and more frequently climbed, although lower at about 6200m. The higher eastern peak is the true summit (Kang Yatze I) although less frequently climbed as it is across a technically difficult knife-edge traverse. An alternative is to climb the North East ridge then directly up the steep snow face (Alpine AD+/D-).</p><br>
<p>Approach Route - 6200 meter peak is mainly done from middle of June till September end. There are two approach route to this peak. One is from Chilling and trekking through the Markha Valley, passing by the villages of Skiu, Markha and Hankar. Another approach starts from the village of Shang Sumdo and steeply climbs up the Markha Gorge passing by the campsite of Chyuskirmo, Lartsa and then climbing the Gongmaru La, a 5130 meter high pass to reach Nimaling. This route climbs up very fast and one needs to rest in Nimaling to acclimatize better before trekking to the base camp at 5000 meters.</p><br>
<p>Climbing Kang Yatse Peak 2 is easier compared to the main peak and does not require any technical mountaineering skills. The climbing team usually starts the climb between 12 AM to 2 AM and its takes about 6 – 8 hours to reach the summit. The route climbs on scree zone before climbing up on steep snow slope. Early in the season in June and July can have snow from the base camp itself making the climb more slow and difficult. From the top distant peaks of East Karakoram are visible on a clear day.</p><br>
<p>Climbing Kang Yatse 1 requires an intermediate Camp to be set up. The climb to Camp 1 is a short one but over a steep scree zone. There is an alternative route following the Glacier where Camp 1 can be set up too. From Camp 1, the climb gets technical. The last 500 meters of the peak is very steep and requires fixed ropes.</p><br>
<p>Esclusham Mountain  is an area in the north-east of Wales and is part of the Ruabon Moors. It rises to a height of 460 m , with the nearby spur of Cyrn-y-Brain, to the west, reaching 473 m . It lies mostly within the community of Esclusham. A smaller spur to the north, known as Minera Mountain, is within the neighbouring community of Minera.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The underlying rocks are a Carboniferous Limestone along with some Millstone Grit to the east. The area was rich in minerals, particularly lead and zinc deposits. The South Minera Vein, a fault fissure rilled with mineral matter, ran through the area of Esclusham Mountain and, until the second decade of the 20th century, there were many lead mines in the area, some of whose levels joined with the substantial system of natural caves beneath the mountain.</p><br>
<p>The 8km long Minera Caves, Ogof Llyn Parc and Ogof Cefn-y-Gist have their entrances on the moor. These have passages close to Ogof Dydd Byraf and Ogof Llyn Du whose entrances are in Minera Limeworks.</p><br>
<p>These are Sites of Special Scientific Interest, and are being targeted for development as a possible tourist and educational resource.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area shows signs of use by Neolithic and Bronze Age farmers, and evidence of early inhabitants of the area exists in the form of several stone cairns and other features. The high ground was good summer pasture, and in the mediaeval period there are references to hafodydd (summer houses for those overseeing the grazing flocks) in the possession of Valle Crucis Abbey on the northern part of Esclusham Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Though there may have been small-scale mining of lead on the mountain in earlier periods, development of the area&#39;s mineral resources started in earnest from the eighteenth century and into the nineteenth, with the application of techniques brought from Cornwall. The mines were further developed in the nineteenth century under the guidance of the mining engineer and entrepreneur John Taylor: at their peak they were the most productive lead mines in Britain.</p><br>
<h2>Landscape and wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The lower eastern slopes of the mountain have a landscape of pastureland, small farms and woods. The higher moorland above Fron-dêg, known as the Fron-dêg Flat, has typical moorland vegetation of heather, bilberry and sedge; rarer plants include the dark red helleborine. Hill farming is still practised, with sheep grazing across the moor. There are still surface remains of former lead workings, particularly in the areas known as Pool Park and Gwter Siani, with the foundations of old engine-houses, managers&#39; residences and chimneys being visible in some places.</p><br>
<p>The moorland supports a rich variety of wildlife including black grouse, red grouse, short-eared owl and ring ouzel.</p><br>
<p>A single-track road runs across the northern part of the mountain from Minera, through Pool Park and Gwter Siani, to Eglwyseg and on towards Llangollen. Several footpaths, popular with ramblers, also run across the mountain, including the Offa&#39;s Dyke Path.</p><br>
<p>Mount Rigny, Rigny Bjerg, Rignys Bjerg) is a mountain peak in East Greenland. It is located in King Christian IX Land, Sermersooq Municipality.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was named by Jules de Blosseville, after French naval officer Marie Henri Daniel Gauthier, comte de Rigny (1782–1835).</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mount Rigny is the highest peak in a mountainous area east of the Sortebrae Glacier close to the Blosseville Coast. Reaching 2,734 m, Rigny Bjerg was marked on Jules de Blossevilles map of 1833 which also contained a drawing of the mountains profile as seen from the sea. The mountain was then identified by the 1895-96 Ingolf Expedition led by C.F. Wandel, and its approximate position determined by the 1898–1900 Carlsbergfund Expedition to East Greenland led by G.C. Amdrup. This mountain&#39;s elevation and position are incorrect in the Defense Mapping Agency Greenland Navigation charts.</p><br>
<p>In Rigny Berg there are routes popular with mountaineers, such as "Snow Falcon", as well as neighboring peaks in the region such as RHARPeak. After a failed attempt in 1998, the first full ascent of the peak was made on 19 July 2003 by the Midnight Sun 03 Expedition.</p><br>
<p>Certain studies claim that the mountain corresponds to the legendary Norsemen&#39;s Blåsærk and to the Mount of Gods Mercie named by Henry Hudson in 1607.</p><br>
<p>The Mystic River Historic District encompasses the part of the village of Mystic, Connecticut that is on the Groton side of the Mystic River. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 24, 1979, approximately 235 acres that includes much of the village now known as West Mystic and many buildings from the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The historic district includes properties along Route 1, West Mystic Avenue, Route 215, High Street, Pearl Street, and Cliff Street. Mystic Pizza is located in the district, made famous by the movie of the same name.</p><br>
<p>According to the 1979 National Register nomination, the importance of the district is derived "from the completeness of the 19th-century community here preserved. Seldom are houses, public buildings, stores, and factories of a 19th century town all in place, in good condition, and still in use, as they are in Mystic. The variety of architectural styles that the prosperous seafaring citizens employed in building up their community provide fine examples of the ongoing, 19th-century development of taste and design."</p><br>
<p>The district&#39;s boundaries are similar to those of a local historic district that was designated in 1974, but it includes some more modern structures than were included in the local designation, and its boundary lines are less irregular. It includes the former train depot of West Mystic.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the district included about 470 sites and structures, of which 265 were houses built in Greek Revival, Italianate, or Queen Anne architectural styles that were popular during the 19th century. Two historic sites in the district are:</p><br>
<p>site of Fort Rachel where a single 12-pounder cannon repulsed British attack on Mystic in 1814</p><br>
<p>site of the Mystic massacre of Pequot Indians in 1637, location not precisely known</p><br>
<p>The Whitehall Mansion a historic house at 42 Whitehall Avenue in Stonington, Connecticut. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 12, 1979.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in the 1770s by Dudley Woodbridge, a doctor in Mystic, Connecticut. In 1962, the house was donated to the Stoningham Historical Society. In 1993, the Stonington Historical Society sought permission to relocate the house forward on its lot so that it would attract more attention. The Stonington Historical Society had decided that it could not afford to continue operating the house as a museum, but its location on the rear of the lot was seen as an obstacle to its sale. The request was approved on March 2, 1994. The house is now operated as a bed and breakfast inn.</p><br>
<p>The Groton Bank Historic District, also known as Groton Heights, is a 50 acre historic district located in the City of Groton  in Connecticut. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 24, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The district has an inverted U-shape (formed by Thames, Broad, and Monument streets) and its boundaries are based on an 1868 map, to include an area developed mostly during 1820-1860. The Major Noyes Barber house, built in 1810, is a Federal style structure. The district encompasses a well-preserved neighborhood that grew in the 18th and 19th centuries, originally as a shipbuilding center, and contains a representative cross-section of architectural styles from its periods of growth including Colonial Revival, Georgian, Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, Italianate, Romanesque Revival, Shingle, and Queen Anne.</p><br>
<p>North Pemberton Railroad Station is located in Pemberton Township, Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. The station was built in 1892 by John S. Rogers and added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 23, 1978. The station became inactive in 1969 when rail service between Pemberton and Camden ended. The Township of Pemberton now owns the station and operates it as the North Pemberton Railroad Station Museum, a museum of regional history and a Welcome and Information Center for both the Pinelands and the Pemberton area.</p><br>
<p>The North Pemberton Railroad Station Museum is currently closed and inaccessible. Pemberton Township Mayor David Patriarca, along with the town council were unable to negotiate a new lease for the site with the Pemberton Township Historic Trust in September 2012.</p><br>
<p>Fire Control Tower No. 23 is a NRHP-listed tower located in Lower Township, Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. The tower was built in 1942 as part of Fort Miles, the system of harbor defenses of the Delaware Bay. It was one of 15 towers from North Wildwood, New Jersey to Bethany Beach, Delaware used to aim coastal batteries at German ships and submarines. It is located near Sunset Beach in Cape May Point State Park.</p><br>
<p>The tower was added to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places on May 29, 2003 and to the National Register of Historic Places on November 17, 2003. About this time the tower was renovated under the direction of architect Robert Russell. Spiral staircases, lighting and safety features were installed, allowing the public to climb to the top of the tower and a wooden walkway was built to Sunset Avenue.</p><br>
<p>Meili Xue Shan  or Mainri Snow Mountain is a mountain range in the Chinese province of Yunnan. It lies close to the northwestern boundary of the province and is bounded by the Salween River on the west and the Mekong on the east. The Meili are subrange of the larger Nu Mountains, themselves a constituent range of the Hengduan group. The crest of the range rises to over 6,000 m above sea level, making for impressive prominence over the river valleys to the east and west, which are between 1,500 m and 1,900 m in elevation. The highest peak is Kawagebo, which rises to 6,740 m. Kawagebo is considered sacred for Tibetan Buddhists. Other significant peaks include Mianzimu, Cogar Laka and Jiariren-an. Because of restrictions and dangerous conditions, none of the major peaks in the range have ever been summited.</p><br>
<p>In January 1991, six Chinese and eleven Japanese mountaineers lost their lives to an avalanche, one of the worst climbing accidents in China.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Hancock USA Life Saving Station, also known as Spermaceti Cove No. 2 Life-Saving Service Station, is located on Sandy Hook, north of Highlands, New Jersey. Originally built on the grounds of Fort Hancock, the area has been part of the Sandy Hook Unit of Gateway National Recreation Area since 1974.</p><br>
<p>A United States Life-Saving Service station was first located in the area in 1848 or 1849. The current structure was built in 1894 about 1,000 feet (305 m) from the 1848 site. It is a -story shingle-style building with a boathouse and a four-story tower. When the Life-Saving Service was merged into the United States Coast Guard in 1915, the site became a Coast Guard Station until decommissioned in 1949. It later served as administrative offices for a New Jersey state park, and, beginning in 1974, as a visitors&#39; center for Gateway NRA. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 30, 1981.</p><br>
<p>Solomon House is an 1887 brick-and-brownstone building at 17th and Moravian Streets in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It was designed by the architectural firm of Furness & Evans, headed by Frank Furness, Philadelphias leading architect in the last quarter of the 19th century. It was built as the southernmost of a row of five city houses by developer Joseph Solomon and contractor B. Ketcham. It became Solomons own house, and is the only one of the five still standing.</p><br>
<p>The Solomon House represents a period in Furness&#39;s career when he began a more mature, restrained style, yet retained his playful manipulation of texture and color. Major features include a rusticated brownstone base, smooth brownstone bands connecting the first-floor windowsills and the rusticated arches above, a pair of oversized chimneys, a two-story tile-covered box window projecting over the Moravian Street sidewalk, a heavy articulated brick cornice, a dormer capped by a pyramidal tile roof, a calla lily which appears to support a spur wall, and exposed ironwork at the entrance. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Vanderbeck Jr. House, in Fair Lawn, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, is a typical historic house of the American colonial architecture style called Dutch Colonial on Dunkerhook Road, adjacent to the Saddle River County Park. It sits on a bluff above the Saddle River  and is approached from Dunkerhook Road via a long tree-lined driveway. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983.</p><br>
<p>Jacob Vanderbeck, Sr., who also built the neighboring Naugle House, built the original section of the house in 1754; it was a small, wooden-framed home on to which a larger wing, to the west, featuring coursed ashlar sandstone walls and one and a half stories under a gambrel roof, was added in the 1780s. Shortly after the National Park Service Heritage Documentation Programs Historic American Building Survey took photographs and made architectural drawings of the house in 1938, the houses owners, the Walter Squires, replaced the original east wing of the house with an architecturally compatible addition with sandstone blocks and a gambrel roof that updated the house and significantly increased the homes size. The interior of the house retains many of its original features.</p><br>
<p>After the death of its most recent owner, Henrietta Vander Platt, developers showed interest in demolishing the house, removing all of the trees, and placing on the lot an assisted living facility. A group of devoted preservationists and citizens is now engaged in an effort to save the Vanderbeck House, bolstered by its listing as one of 2013&#39;s "Ten Most Endangered" historic properties by the Trenton-based historic preservation organization Preservation New Jersey, and hoping to see the house, a direct link to the agricultural and Dutch-oriented past of the area, preserved for future generations either as a private home or with an adaptive reuse.</p><br>
<p>F. L. Wandell, Estate and Ward Factory Site, is located in Saddle River, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 1, 1990. The house was completely gutted down to the wood frame around 2012. The houses overall shape is the same, but the exterior appearance has been greatly altered for a more contemporary style of architecture from the homes original 1800s appearance. Other major changes include the reorientation of the drive way and the addition of a swimming pool and various other aspects. The photo displayed here on Wikipedia depicts the home after the 2012 renovation. Whether any of the homes original interiors are still intact is unknown. The original barn, which is now part of the neighboring parcel still has its original exterior.</p><br>
<p>The William Ward Edge Tool Factory was located on the F. L. Wandell Estate and manufactured tools from 1868 to 1890.</p><br>
<p>Ithaca Falls is a waterfall located within the city of Ithaca, New York. It is the last of a series of waterfalls along the hanging valley formed where Fall Creek intersects the glacial trough of Cayuga Lake. The falls are in an amphitheater formed by freezing and thawing of the weak shale which makes up most of the gorge walls. The splash pool, and the creek just below the falls, are a popular spot for fly fishing.</p><br>
<p>The area around the base of the falls was owned by Cornell University for many years, before being sold to the City of Ithaca in 2000 as a part of environmental cleanup. The area has been a popular, if dilapidated, park for many years; currently it is undergoing a major redesign and rebuild. In June 2016, the Ithaca Common Council voted to demolish a house directly north of the falls and add the parcel to the park. The city had acquired the house after the owner failed to pay property taxes.</p><br>
<p>The falls is present as the stylized "I" in the "Ithaca is Gorges" logo.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1800s, local entrepreneurs realized the economic potential of the water power provided by Fall Creek. In 1830, a young Ezra Cornell blasted a tunnel through the gorge wall just above Ithaca Falls, and built a small diversion dam to divert water to run a complex of mills next to the falls. "The powerful flow of water over the Ithaca Falls made possible the close location of mills one above another on the southern bank of Fall Creek.... grist, plaster, oil, and woolen mills, and iron foundries were all established there. The mills processed local and imported raw materials, producing enough not only for local needs but for shipment outside the region."</p><br>
<p>The industry around the falls resulted in rapid development in the area; for a time, "Fall Creek Village" was considered a separate town from the rest of Ithaca. The diversion dam remained until succumbing to natural forces in 2013; around the base of the falls, many ruins from the former mills still exist.</p><br>
<p>From 1880 until its closure in 1987, the Ithaca Gun Company&#39;s factory was just south of the falls. In the late 1990s, environmental testing revealed that much of the soil nearby was contaminated by lead from shotgun tests. A major lead clean-up effort sponsored by the United States Superfund and the EPA took place from 2002 to 2004, with some additional soil removal in 2015. The building was demolished in 2006, and currently luxury apartments are planned for the site.</p><br>
<p>Rathaus Rapperswil is the former Rathaus of the city government of medieval town of Rapperswil, Canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. Today, the building houses a café and restaurant, the city archives and a collection of stained glass windows, silverware and paintings. The building and the city archives are listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Rathaus is located within the Altstadt of Rapperswil at the Hauptplatz, the main square of the medieval town. The building replaced an earlier fortified tower probably built in the early 13th century by the House of Rapperswil as part of the former town wall that in the first construction phase stretched from the castle and parish church on the Lindenhof hill towards the present Einsiedlerhaus on Zürichsee lake shore. The Rathaus building belongs to the Ortsgemeinde Rapperswil, the citizen&#39;s association. On Wednesdays, it also houses the Bezirksgericht See-Gaster (district tribunal) in the so-called Ratssaal on the second floor. The present Rathaus building houses a café and restaurant in the ground and first floor, the city archives on the third floor, and a collection of stained glass windows, silverware and paintings made by artists from Rapperswil on the second floor.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The Rapperswil "rat- oder richthus is first mentioned in 1419. The building replaced an earlier fortified tower that was part of the former town wall that in the first construction phase stretched from the castle and parish church on the Lindenhof hill towards the present Einsiedlerhaus on Zürichsee lake shore. The first building at that location was probably built in the early 13th century by the Rudolf II von Rapperswil. The building in its present form dates aournd 1470. In 1614/15 the southern tower was added. Conversions respectively renewals were carried out in 1866 and 1895. In 1902 a further floor was added and the comprehensive wall decorations with figural and heraldic motifs (as shown on Alwina Gossauer&#39;s photograph of 1865 and that of 1901) on the west side were widely removed. Renewed conversions resulted in 1946/47, 1998/99 and 2007 to the present, rather plain appearance by largely removing of the elaborate decorations at the basements, except the south-facing sundial and the coat of arms under the ceiling.</p><br>
<p>Mis stündli stoht in diner hand - Inschrift oberhalb der Sonnenuhr an der Südseite des Rathaus&#39; Rapperswil 2012-07-30 11-22-37 ShiftN.jpgsunclock on the southern exterior wall</p><br>
<p>Rapperswil - Rathaus IMG 1419.JPGcoats of arms of families from Rapperswil, among them Landenberg, Russinger, Heer...</p><br>
<p>Rapperswil - Rathaus - Rathausstrasse 2011-01-15 16-58-12 ShiftN.jpg... and Göldli, Breny, Rothenfluh and Kunz, as well the House of Rapperswil and the gryfinn symbolizing the early family line Landenberg</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The late Gothic portal to the council chamber (Ratssaal) was made from a single oak tree; the double-sided bow kell is richly profiled. A cast-iron Renaissance stove (year 1572 engraved) is the most representative piece of the hall&#39;s equipment. The small exposition includes the gold and silver treasure which is exhibited in the Stadtmuseum Rapperswil-Jona, the circular council table made by Conrad Lütbrand in 1618, paintings by the Rapperswil artists Felix Maria Diogg and Johann Michael Hunger, and the stained glass windows. In the entrance hall on the first floor, there is shown the golden banner given by Pope Julius II to the citizens of Rapperswil who supported his military campaign in the Lombardy against the French king in 1512. Further sights include the former supraporta of the Schloss Rapperswil, also as a fresco on the eastern wall. The Ratssaal houses the Bezirksgericht court on Wednesday, in the neighboring Richterstübli the local board of directors meet and it is also used as ceremonial hall for weddings.</p><br>
<p>Rathaus Rapperswil - Innenansicht - Ratssaal 2015-09-26 15-18-15.JPGportal to the Ratssaal room</p><br>
<p>Rathaus Rapperswil - Innenansicht - Ratssaal 2015-09-26 15-18-30.JPGdetail view of the portal</p><br>
<p>Rapperswil - Rathaus - Innenansicht 2011-03-02 15-53-26.JPGRatssaal and its stained glass windows</p><br>
<p>Rathaus Rapperswil - Innenansicht - Ratssaal 2015-09-26 15-15-05.JPGdetail, coats of arms of Rapperswil</p><br>
<p>Felix Maria Diogg - Selbstporträt - Ratssaal - Rathaus Rapperswil 2015-09-26 15-13-08.JPGFelix Maria Diogg, selfportrait, Raatssaal</p><br>
<p>Rathaus Rapperswil - Innenansicht - Ratssaal 2013-04-06 14-30-33 (P7700) ShiftN.jpgRenaissance stove of 1572</p><br>
<p>Rathaus Rapperswil - Innenansicht - Richterstübli 2013-04-06 14-25-57 (P7700) ShiftN.jpgRichterstübli</p><br>
<p>Birnbecher (Detail) als Geschenk des Klosters Pfäfers 1614 an den Stadtrat von Rapperswil - Stadtmuseum Rapperswil 2012-12-01 16-15-07 (P7700).JPGa present from the Pfäfers Abbey to the council of Rapperswil in 1614, exhibit in the Stadtmuseum Rapperswil-Jona</p><br>
<h2>Stadtarchiv Rapperswil</h2><br>
<p>After the establishment of the canton of St. Gallen in 1803, the then autonomous municipalities of Rapperswil and Jona had their own municipal archives (German: Stadtarchiv). As a result of the merger of the two political communities in 2007, the entire historical material until 1900 or 1950 will be stored at one site. As per August 2015, the city archives of Rapperswil (German: Stadtarchiv der Ortsgemeinde Rapperswil-Jona since 2007) therefore includes the historical documents of Rapperswil and Jona and its successors, mainly of the former Herrschaft Rapperswil, a bailywick, and of the House of Rapperswil. The city archives of the political community and the so-called Ortsgemeinde (citizenry) consist of several thousand documents, among them council and court records, some predominantly chronicles handwritten by clergymen, parish books and so on. Attached are the photo archives and the puncture and plan collection comprising some audio and film documents from the recent past, as well as private estates and a library, also location-based publications, including newspaper articles about Rapperswil since around 1950. The contents of the archives are accessible by telephone reservation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A first council and mayor (Schultheiss) in the medieval town of Rapperswil may be suspected for the period after its founding around 1220 AD. The earliest document sealed at the Rapperswil Castle, related to the donation of the church of Bollingen to the Rüti Abbey, mentions among others a civitas as witnesses of Count Rudolf von Rapperswil in 1229. Between 1267 and 1282, when the fiefs were given back by the German king to Elisabeth von Rapperswil, the citizens, clergy and nobility executed the representatives of Elisabeths brother Count Rudolf III who died in 1267. The seal of the town of Rapperswil respectively citizenry first appeared in 1277. In 1337 Johann I von Laufenburg-Rapperswil died, thats probably why in 1341 the court council (German: Kleiner Rat) consisting of 12 members and the mayor (German: Schultheiss) was first mentioned in Rapperswil; since 1415 the council also appointed the Vogt of the Wurmsbach Abbey, a foundation of Countess Elisabeth&#39;s father and mother. Johann II von Laufenburg-Rapperswil had to sell Rapperswil and all rights to Hasburg in the late 1350s; Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, who rebuilt Rapperswil after the war with the city of Zürich and also re-established the prehistorical and Roman era lake crossing at the Seedamm isthmus, granted the citizenry the related customs legislation in 1360. King Wenceslas securitized liberation from foreign courts in 1379, and in 1406 the citizenry was allowed to elect their mayor. For the first time in 1442, the bicameral city government, being composed of the 12-seat Kleiner Rat and the 24-seat Grosser Rat, exercised the blood jurisdiction under the chairmanship of the mayor. Since 1481 the grand council was elected by the members of Kleiner Rat. Council genders include among others the Landenberg, Russinger (Russikon), Göldlin, Breny, Rothenfluh and Kunz families.</p><br>
<p>For centuries the building served as the seat of the government respectively Rat (council) and later as the seat of the mayor (Bürgermeister) of Rapperswil ending on 31 December 2006, when the former independent cities of Jona and Rapperswil merged to form the municipality of Rapperswil-Jona. Since 1 January 2007, the Stadthaus Rapperswil-Jona that is situated in Jona, is the town hall of the municipality. Besides the restaurant, the city archives and the art exhibition, the Rathaus building is the center of an ancient Carnival festival: on Shrove Tuesday the traditional Herrenessen, the dinner of the council members and cabaret program with distinguished guests, is celcebrated on occasion of Eis-zwei-Geissebei when hundreds of children gather at the main square (Hauptplatz). Following the so-called Austeilete by the council members to the children, in the evening all regional Guggenmusik (carnival marching bands) gather at Hauptplatz and on Lindenhof at Schloss Rapperswil to celebrate a roaring concert.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural heritage</h2><br>
<p>Rathaus Rapperswil is listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as a Class A object of national importance, and its archives as Class B object of regional importance.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Peter Röllin: Kulturbaukasten Rapperswil-Jona. Rapperswil-Jona 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Johan Poulsen House is a three-story American Queen Anne Style mansion in Portland, Oregon&#39;s Brooklyn neighborhood. It was built in 1891 by an unknown architect.</p><br>
<h2>House details</h2><br>
<p>Poulsen bought the property in July 1890 for $3,000, and the house was completed in August 1891. Poulsen sold the house immediately to S. B. Willey, probably either due to financial issues caused by the lead-up to the Panic of 1893 or because his wife, Dora, did not like it. He sold it on a mortgage to Willey and sold it outright to Arthur Zwicker for $7,500 on July 14, 1894. Alternately, the home was sold to William J. Clemens, an Oregon senator, in 1902.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1891. The turret reaches approximately 50 feet. The home also contains a veranda, added around 1915. It is considered a "Pacific Northwest interpretation of the Queen Anne Style", since it does not contain stone or brick.</p><br>
<p>The interior features a large carved oak fireplace and mantel, carved stairway balustrades, and oak flooring with a mahogany border. The third floor may have originally been a large ballroom.</p><br>
<p>The home was bought by "The Doughnut King", A. A. Hoover, in 1919, and became known as the "Kings Castle" or "The Kings Palace". The property was then sold to Henrietta B. Huthman in 1923, whose family owned it until 1946. The Huthman family added the two-car garage and large retaining wall in 1926. The two-car garage was connected to the house via tunnel. The home was converted to a boarding house sometime between 1946 and 1976. James F. Nevin purchased the house in approximately 1976 and began restoring it.</p><br>
<p>The house was surveyed by the Portland Historical Landmarks Commission on October 3, 1973, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 14, 1977.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, the Poulsen House was purchased as a home for Prospect, a Portland communications, design, government relations, & digital media agency.</p><br>
<h2>Johan Poulsen</h2><br>
<p>Poulsen was born in 1849 as Johannes Poulsen in north Slesvig, Germany. The area of his birth is now Denmark. He came to Iowa in 1870, married his wife Dora in 1873, and came to Portland in 1875.</p><br>
<p>Before 1890 he also owned part of the North Pacific Lumber Company and Willamette Steam Sawmill Company. He sold his ownership of these companies to start the Inman-Poulsen Lumber Company with Robert D. Inman. Their company had a sawmill on the east side of the Willamette River at Clinton Street. The sawmill dock could accommodate two oceangoing ships at a time. Inman had an almost identical house at 6th and Woodward Street, which was demolished in 1958 to make room for a factory.</p><br>
<p>By 1903, the Inman-Poulsen company was the largest lumber company in Oregon with 350 employees, later peaking at 700 employees. The large lumber mill had a conveyor belt piling sawdust, which went to a Portland General Electric plant located next door.</p><br>
<p>Poulsen built another large house on Hassalo Street in the Lloyd District, replaced by a Red Lion hotel later.</p><br>
<p>The Adelphi School was a Quaker-organized school for poor children that operated between 1808 and 1906 in what is now the Chinatown neighborhood of Philadelphias Center City. Originally focused on educating white boys during its first several years, it shifted focus to educating black children after the public education system was established in Pennsylvania. The Adelphi School was sustained through charitable donations, at no cost to its students. The building that housed the school beginning in 1832 is thought to be Philadelphias "last surviving example of a free school building". It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1807, members of the Philadelphia Quaker community, under the leadership of the minister Thomas Scattergood, founded the Philadelphia Association of Friends for the Instruction of Poor Children to address the educational needs of indigent children in the city. This organization was to consist of no more than forty-five members, all of whom must be members of the Society of Friends (i.e., Quakers). The Association intended to build one or more schools based on the Monitorial System of instruction recently developed by Andrew Bell and Joseph Lancaster. This effort was part of a broader movement within the Quaker community to establish charity schools for the poor prior to the establishment of taxpayer-funded public schools in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The Association obtained funding through private donations and established its first school, for white boys, in 1808. After the first few weeks, the number of students had reached about 90. To accommodate the school&#39;s rapid growth, the Association raised $7000 to construct a new building on Pegg Street in the Northern Liberties. In 1809 the school moved into the new facility and began operating under the name "the Adelphi School". In 1812 the school began instructing girls as well, and they made up about a third of the student population of 330 that year. The school reached its peak enrollment in 1814 with 582 pupils.</p><br>
<p>In 1818, Philadelphia established a public school system, initially for white children only, under the direction of the reformer Roberts Vaux, who had been influenced by the Adelphi School. It was one of the earliest municipal public school systems in the United States. The Association of Friends, believing that the problem of educating poor white children was now being adequately addressed in Philadelphia, closed the Adelphi School that year. The Pegg Street schoolhouse was then rented to the public school system until 1825. The Association thereafter turned its attention to the problem of educating black children in the city, and established a new school on Gaskill Street in 1822.</p><br>
<p>In 1825, the Adelphi School began renting space in a schoolhouse belonging to the Pennsylvania Abolition Society on Cherry Street. In 1831, the Abolition Society decided to reoccupy the space, and the Adelphi School moved to a temporary space while a new dedicated schoolhouse was constructed on Wager Street, now called Spring Street. The 30 by 40 foot, two and a half story brick structure was built for $3100 on a lot purchased for $1200, and the school was opened in 1832. It was constructed in the Federal style, with a simplicity of form characteristic of Quaker architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Wager Street Adelphi School opened in 1832 when the first floor was completed, and the whole structure was finished in 1834. The school originally accepted only school-aged black boys, but expanded to include younger children of both sexes in 1835. In 1838, instruction for the older boys was discontinued in favor of admitting girls. The Adelphi School operated at this location over the next several decades. W. E. B. Du Bois, in his 1899 study The Philadelphia Negro, records its enrollment count at 166 pupils for the year 1847. This had declined to an average of 67 for the period 1873 to 1881. Despite the expansion of the public education system, supporters of the Association believed that the free school still served an important purpose in reaching students who for whatever reason could not attend the public schools.</p><br>
<p>The Association of Friends continued operating the schoolhouse until 1906. From 1908 to 1945, the Abolition Society owned the building. It was used for group activities such as the Boy Scouts and sewing clubs, as well as more formal educational programs. This school operated with the goal of improving "the moral, social, industrial and domestic conditions" of the African American population of Philadelphia. In 1978, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places, in recognition of its architectural, educational, religious, and humanitarian significance. By that point, it was under private ownership and used for commercial purposes.</p><br>
<p>Ambrose Hall, located in Davenport, Iowa, United States, is the first building constructed on the campus of St. Ambrose University. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Ambrose University was founded in 1882 by John McMullen, the first bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Davenport. The school initially held classes in two classrooms in the school building at St. Margaret’s Cathedral. The desire, however, was for the school to have a campus and a building of its own.</p><br>
<p>The school was formally incorporated as a "seminary" in 1885, however, its mission was never exclusively considered as a place that trained future priests. Instead, it was considered a "Catholic school for advanced studies". Courses were taught in the humanities, sciences and in business as well as theology. The school, in a sense, pioneered the concept of educating future priests and allowing them to reside with young men who might they might serve one day as their parish priests. It was typical at that time to cloister seminarians at an early age away and educating them separately from other people. The institution&#39;s name was changed to St. Ambrose College in 1908 and St. Ambrose University in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Bishop Henry Cosgrove, McMullens successor, initially chose the corner of Eighth and Ripley Streets as the new location for the school, as it would be convenient for the day students. However, others suggested Noels Grove along Locust Street as a possible location. Cosgrove was familiar with the location as he had held parish picnics at the location when he was the pastor at St. Margarets. He was concerned that the location was too isolated and inaccessible, and Locust Street was not a decent roadway. In the end, convinced that the location was accessible by way of the Brady Streetcar line, Cosgrove bought Noels Grove (renamed Moeller Grove in April, 2013). The cost for purchasing the property and building the central section of the building amounted to $20,000. Aloysius Schulte, the college president, and James Davis, the cathedral rector, toured the diocese to solicit funds for the project.</p><br>
<p>Victor Huot was chosen as the architect for a new building. Previously he had designed St. Josephs and St. Marys churches and Mercy Hospital. He also designed the building for the Immaculate Conception Academy in Davenport. Both Ambrose Hall and the academy building were designed in the Second Empire style, and they were designed so they could be built in stages over a period of time. Huot designed the first two additions to the building at the same time he designed the original tower section.</p><br>
<p>The cornerstone for the building was laid on July 5, 1885. The central section of Ambrose Hall, with the entrance tower and spire, was the first section built. It had space for 75 boarding students as well as office space and classrooms. The Congregation of the Humility of Mary was placed in charge of the dining room, cooking and housekeeping. The structure was expanded in 1887, 1893, 1901, 1908 and 1912. The building is constructed of yellow stone and red brick with marble and stone trim. A mansard roof, typical of the Second Empire style, rings the structure on all its additions. The building housed the entire school until 1927 when Davis Hall was built.</p><br>
<p>An exterior renovation of the building in the 1960s altered the mansard roofline of the central section of the building. The rest of the exterior has remained largely unchanged. The interior of the building has been renovated numerous times depending on the college&#39;s needs.</p><br>
<p>A chapel occupied the third and fourth floors of the western-most section of the building and served the school until construction of Christ the King Chapel in 1952. The space now serves as the boardroom. Ambrose Hall also housed the Seminary Department until Hayes Hall opened in 1967. A grotto with a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary lies just north of Ambrose Hall. The altar and ambo at the grotto were constructed from the altars from the crypt chapels below Christ the King.</p><br>
<p>The LeClaire Gym, now known as LeClaire Hall, is attached to the rear of Ambrose Hall and included a swimming pool. It was built during the presidency of William Hannon (1915–1926) and was replaced by Lee Lohman Arena in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>Ambrose Hall has served various functions over the years. It has housed classrooms, dormitory, chapel, faculty residence, offices, student union, laundry and dining facilities. The building now houses offices for admissions, financial aid, student accounts, records and registration, the John R. Lewis Board Room, classrooms, faculty offices, and the student union.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the university undertook a $5 million renovation project to bring the building back to its late 19th and early 20th-century appearance. Among other upgrades, the tower and spire were restored along with the bell housed within. A clock depicted in the original plans, but never installed, was added.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Ambrose Hall was built in five phases from 1885 to 1912. Each section is similar to the others and yet each section possesses its own character. The features that are common to all the sections include round-arch windows and doorways with stone hood molds and keystones. A stone stringcourse runs between the first and second floors on all but the first section of the building. Finally, decorative brick corbelling runs the length of the whole building below the cornice.</p><br>
<p>The original section of the building was built from 1885 to 1887. It is a symmetrical structure of seven bays wide with a central pavilion capped by a mansard tower. The lower level is composed of smooth rusticated ashlar and brick on the upper floors with stone quoining on the corners. Its mansard roof was altered in the 1960s when it original diamond-shaped shingles, gabled dormers and decorative cornice were replaced with modern windows, asphalt shingles, and a severely plain cornice. All those features were restored in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The second section was added to the east of the original section in 1893. It too is symmetrical and has a projecting central pavilion, but it is five bays wide. It is connected to the original section by a three-bay, recessed section. Instead of ashlar on the ground floor, it is all brick from the ground up. Alterations and restoration to its mansard roof were like those of the original section.</p><br>
<p>The third section was added in 1901 to the west of the original building. Unlike the other sections it has an asymmetrical facade that consists of two symmetrical sections joined together. One section is three bays wide and the other is 5½ bays wide and features a central pavilion. Its mansard roof was altered later. The tracery windows on the third floor mark the room that served as the chapel. The central pavilion has a chapel window that is composed of two trefoil windows that are surmounted by an octofoil window. It is enclosed in a segmental dormer. The two hexafoil windows that flank it are set into the brick below segmental dormers. On the west side of this section is a three-level brick porch.</p><br>
<p>The fourth section of the building was added to the east in 1908. It reflected a simplified version of the Colonial Revival and therefore did not conform to the design of the other three sections. The fifth section of the building remedied this problem when it was added in 1912 to the front facade of the fourth addition. Its sole purpose was to bring the fourth section into conformity with the rest of the building. Like the second section, it is symmetrical, five bays wide and has a projecting central pavilion. This addition is larger than the other sections as it sits farther in the north in the rear of the building.</p><br>
<p>Gaube Lake  is a lake in the French Pyrenees, in the department of the Hautes-Pyrénées, near the town of Cauterets.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s name is tautological, in that gaube in the Gascon language means "lake", hence the place name is "Lake Lake".</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The lake is situated in an altitude of 1725 m, an egg-shaped form stretching itself along a north-south axis in the valley of Gaube. This steep-sided valley is located at the foot of the Vignemale (3298M). The lake is surrounded by the peak Mayouret (2688 m) to the east, the big Peak of the Paloumères (2720 m) to the southeast, and the peak of Gaube (2377 m) to the northwest.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrography</h2><br>
<p>Its principal inflows are the Gaube River tributaries (Gave des oulettes de Gaube), which take their name from the Gave de Gaube, which is the principal outflow of the lake. The lake has an average depth of 40m, surface area of 19 hectares, and more than 2 km of shoreline. A delta situated at the mouth of the principal outflow of the lake is loaded with glacial alluvial deposits.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The shoreline and surrounding slopes are covered with various glacial rock formations.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The lake is accessible by an hours hike through the forest, or by cable car from the Pont dEspagne in the valley of Cauterets. It is famous for its panorama and relative ease of access. It is the departure point for many pedestrian hikes; its left shore is lined by the GR 10 leading towards the Gaube River tributaries.</p><br>
<p>Bear Mountain is a mountain located in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains, southwest of Waleska, Georgia. Situated between the northwest and west-central part of Cherokee County, Georgia, it is the highest point in the county at 2,307 ft. It is also the highest point in the extended metro Atlanta area, which lies to the south and southeast, while Lake Arrowhead lies to the east-southeast at the foot of the mountain. Just to the west runs the Bartow/Cherokee county line.</p><br>
<p>For media in Atlanta, there are two broadcast stations on the mountain. The TV tower is that of 1000-kilowatt WPXA-TV 31 (14.x), also the site of its former analog TV transmission. Its city of license is Rome, Georgia, two counties to the west, but it is considered part of the Atlanta media market for purposes of must-carry regulations. Because it is so far out of town, and in a different direction for most people, reception of the station is often difficult, especially due to the digital TV format mandated by the FCC. The only other major TV station in northwest Georgia is WNGH-TV 33 (18.x), located much further north.</p><br>
<p>For FM broadcasting, W213BV on 90.5 (W214AS on 90.7) was a 10-watt broadcast translator for Calvary Chapel of Twin Falls, one of hundreds relaying KAWZ, in this case licensed to serve Waleska. The tower was also the first site for WCHK-FM 105.5, originally a simulcast of WCHK AM 1290, both licensed to serve Canton, Georgia (the county seat). That station changed frequency to 105.7, and after having another tower along Interstate 575, is now WRDA to the southeast on Sweat Mountain. However, the table of allotments still lists Bear Mountain for the station&#39;s reservation.</p><br>
